In distribution systems, network reconfiguration and capacitor placement are commonly used to diminish power losses and keep voltage profiles within acceptable limits. In this paper, the Hybrid Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (HSFLA) has been used to optimize the balanced and unbalanced radial distribution systems using a network reconfiguration and capacitor placement. High accuracy and fast c...

Balancing battery cells is a key task for battery management systems (BMS). Imbalances of cells decrease the capacity and lifetime of the battery pack. Many balancing topologies and strategies have been proposed to balance the electric charges among cells and most of the intelligent control strategies select cells (to shuttle charges) by comparing their terminal voltages. However, the nature of...

<span lang="EN-US">Due to the modularity of modular multilevel converter (MMC), therefore it has been considered as a substitute for diode-clamp inverter in applications high-voltage high-power. Where can obtain any level voltage without imposing complexity on control system. This study analyses detail operation principle and balances capacitor sub-module (SM) by sorting algorithm. The ou...

This paper presents a control scheme for the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) to drive a variablespeed AC machine, especially focusing on improving dynamic performance. Theoretically, the energy balance in the MMC cell capacitors is prone to be unstable at start-up and at low frequency operations. Additionally, the MMC topology essentially requires advanced control strategies to balance energ...

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are bioreactors that convert chemical energy in organic compounds to electrical energy through the metabolism of microorganisms. Organic matters are widely available in the environment that contains a huge amount of energy. This energy could be harvested, converted, by the technology of MFCs, to be used in certain applications. Energy production of a MFC is limited i...

This paper presents a novel control strategy of a threephase four-wire Unified Power Quality (UPQC) for an improvement in power quality. The UPQC is realized by integration of series and shunt active power filters (APFs) sharing a common dc bus capacitor. The shunt APF is realized using a thee-phase, four leg voltage source inverter (VSI) and the series APF is realized using a three-phase, thre...

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) represents an emerging topology with a scalable technology making high voltage and power capability possible. The MMC is built up by identical, but individually controllable sub modules. The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is a new topology for multilevel converters with potential for medium voltage and high voltage applications. Equivalent Circuit mode...

In PWM inverter-fed drives, a variation of Common mode voltage (CMV) causes unbalanced voltage operation in induction motor. Multilevel inverters reduce this problem, but the complexity of the power circuit increases with an increase in the number of inverter voltage levels. In this paper, a five-level inverter is compared with two, three and four levels and this five level structure is propose...