A novel definition of a spread-spectrum signal as a signal whose Fourier bandwidth is much greater than its Shannon bandwith (one-half the number of dimensions of signal space required per second) is proposed. Six different communication systems are analyzed in terms of this definition. It is shown that there is a fundamental difference between the bandwidth expansion due to coding and that due...

Thirty three patients with definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were examined to establish the relation between restriction of chest expansion, limitation of lung function, and working capacity or exercise tolerance. As in previous studies there was a significant association between chest expansion and lung vital capacity. There was also a significant association between vital capacity and exer...

The large-system performance of iterative multiuser decision-feedback detectors (DFDs) is studied for synchronous coded direct-sequence code-division multiple access. Both successive and parallel demodulation of users are considered. The filters are optimized according to the minimum mean-squared error criteria, assuming perfect feedback. We first consider Viterbi decoding with hard decision fe...

The importance of capacity expansion decisions to lift constraints in parts of supply chains has increased significantly in recent years due to general ever-increasing performance requirements. Within a supply chain, insufficient capacity gradually leads to deteriorating delivery performance, and as a consequence, lowers revenue and market share. However, supply chain capacity expansion decisio...

We formulate a model of capacity expansion that is relevant to a service provider for whom the cost of capacity shortages would be considerable but difficult to quantify exactly. Due to demand uncertainty and a lead time for adding capacity, not all shortages are avoidable. In addition, technological innovations will reduce the cost of adding capacity but may not be completely predictable. Anal...

This paper has developed a set of models for demand forecasting and capacity planning based on optimistic and pessimistic projections. These projections have been developed by utilizing structure and parameter scenarios. A system dynamics framework is used to model and to generate scenarios because of their capability of representing physical and information flows to understand the nonlinear dy...