This paper studies how affirmative action exemptions in public procurement can improve efficiency and government expenditures without harming disadvantaged business enterprise (DBE) utilization, particularly when DBEs are subject to capacity constraints. I examine a unique program employed by the Iowa Department of Transportation, where prior to 2013 prime contractors were allowed an exemption ...

network location models comprise one of the main categories of location models. these models have various applications in regional and urban planning as well as in transportation, distribution, and energy management. in a network location problem, nodes represent demand points and candidate locations to locate the facilities. if the links network is unchangeably determined, the problem will be ...

Using a state-industry panel data set at the 3 digit national industrial classification (NIC) level of disaggregation for 19 major Indian states over the period 1983-84 to 2007-08, we analyze the contemporaneous and long run impacts of the rate of profit and its components – profit share, capacity utilization rate, and capacity-capital ratio – on investment. Our results show that: (a) the rate ...

This paper presents estimates of the variable cost function of electricity generation. The cost function is estimated using a two dimensional definition of capacity utilization. Because electricity cannot be conveniently stored, generation facilities follow the load across demand cycles. Capacity utilization can be captured empirically in two ways. One is generation relative to capacity when a ...

This study aims to examine the relationship between e-commerce sales and capacity utilization in China, with process innovation being mediator product focus moderator. A mediated moderation model was developed tested using data from 804 Chinese manufacturing firms as well two-stage least squares regression analysis. The results reveal that is negative; while mediates this relationship. Furtherm...