Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of end-stage renal disease in the Western world. Inadequate control of both systemic and glomerular capillary pressure in diabetics results in increasing hydraulic force and mechanical stretch on the glomeruli, with a subsequent increase in proteinuria and ultimately glomerulosclerosis. Therapeutic strategies that combine systemic and glomerular ...

We performed pulmonary venous occlusions in order to check the validity of the pulmonary capillary pressure measurements obtained using pulmonary arterial occlusion in the intact animal. The venous and arterial postocclusion pressure profiles were recorded using balloon catheters introduced, respectively, into a left lower lobe vein and into a right pulmonary artery in the anaesthetized open-ch...

STARLING (1894, 1896) described the basic forces responsible for producing fluid shifts between the circulating blood and the surrounding tissue spaces. On page 324 of his classical article entitled "On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces," Starling described how capillary pressure determines transudation into the tissues and the osmotic pressure of the proteins determine...

STARLING (1894, 1896) described the basic forces responsible for producing fluid shifts between the circulating blood and the surrounding tissue spaces. On page 324 of his classical article entitled "On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces," Starling described how capillary pressure determines transudation into the tissues and the osmotic pressure of the proteins determine...

Wetting front instability creates a shallow induction zone from which fingers emerge that rapidly transport water and solutes downwards. How the induction zone affects finger location and spacing is unknown. In the moist subsoil, fingers may well dissipate because the finger tips no longer have to overcome the water entry value. Both flow regions were investigated in a two-dimensional chamber w...

A macroscopic theory for capillarity in porous media is presented, challenging the established view that capillary pressure and relative permeability are constitutive parameter functions. The capillary pressure function in the present theory is not an input parameter but an outcome. The theoretical approach is based on introducing the residual saturations explicitly as state variables [as in Ph...

The relationships of cortisol with elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance are likely to be the result of a complex interplay of different mechanisms. We hypothesize that cortisol is associated with impaired microvascular function and that this contributes to cortisol-associated high blood pressure and insulin resistance. We examined 24 h urinary free cortisol excretion in 56 healthy adu...

BACKGROUND   Of the many possible factors that may contribute to orthostatic intolerance, the loss of circulating blood because of capillary filtration is one of the few that can explain the gradual decline of arterial pressure during stand tests. This study used a computer model to investigate the relative importance of haemodynamic parameters, including capillary filtration, as potential cont...

In 1948, Hellems, Haynes, Dexter, and Kinney, using venous and arterial catheterization in dogs obtained pressure recordings from both sides of the pulmonary capillary bed. The method consisted in wedging the tip of a cardiac catheter into a small branch of the pulmonary artery and of the pulmonary vein respectively, and recording the mean blood pressures in the obstructed vascular bed distal t...

1. Nailfold capillary pressure, digital blood flow and skin temperature have been measured on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle in 10 women on a combined oral contraceptive pill and 10 control subjects with normal menstrual cycles. 2. Capillary pressure and digital blood flow were statistically significantly higher in the group taking an oral contraceptive pill compared with control ...