The Ottoman Empire, as a multi-ethnic empire, was first created by the Turks. In fifteenth century, Byzantine Empire destroyed and Turks made Constantinople their capital. By sixteenth had grown to its full potential reached peak in seventeenth spanning three continents: Asia, Europe Africa. order rule administer Turkish rulers number of unique systems models administration, such Sultanate, Tim...

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Intangible assets are a key contributor to firm value, enabling the firm to differentiate itself from competitors on the basis of its access to specialized, efficient, firm-specific information, activities and procedures, identified as organization capital (OC). Since OC contains a heterogeneous group of disparate items, we isolate firm value creation by decomposing OC into two major parts: (1)...

Introduction: After Independence, the managers of the Indian economy took very cautious steps. They found the world sharply divided into two blocs: the one led by the capitalist economies (the US in particular) and other led by the communist economies, primarily the then USSR. There was a cold war between these two blocs. Lessdeveloped economies had no option than to join either of the two and ...

A very promising addition to the research armoury of archaeology is the use of airborne and spaceborne synthetic aperture radar. By exploiting the capacity of centimetre wavelengths to penetrate vegetation cover, a series of roads and irrigation channels hidden beneath the rainforests of Cambodia have been partially revealed. This paper applies and develops a segmented application of the Radon ...

Pharmaceutical activities during the Second Empire have been neglected by historians of science in recent decades, even though pharmacy was an important discipline in Mexico City. This is shown by analyzing 12 papers published in theGaceta Médica de México, the journal of the Sociedad Médica de México. Examination of these papers helps us understand the interests, practices and pharmaceutical a...

The period 1700 to 1900 saw the beginnings, and the development, of the British Empire in India. Empire was not planned, at least not in the early stages. In a sense, it just happened. The first British in India came for trade, not territory; they were businessmen, not conquerors. It can be argued that they came from a culture that was inferior, and a political entity that was weaker, than that...

We examine the effect of aggregate measures of CEO and consumer confidence on firm financing and investment. We find that capital expenditure, merger activity, and financing activity all increase with CEO and consumer confidence. However, while CEO confidence positively predicts future sales growth and return on assets, consumer confidence is negatively related to these performance measures as ...