Inflammation-mediated changes in taste perception can affect health outcomes in patients, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In the present work, we hypothesized that proinflammatory cytokines directly modulate Na(+) transport in taste buds. To test this, we measured acute changes in Na(+) flux in polarized fungiform taste buds loaded with a Na(+) indicator dye. IL-1β elicited...

This study was carried out to determine the effect of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a common activator of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) type 1, 2, and 3 channels, on cardiorespiratory reflexes, pulmonary C fiber afferents, and isolated pulmonary capsaicin-sensitive neurons. In anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats, intravenous bolus injection of 2-APB elicited the p...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Activation of the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR-1) results in release of proinflammatory peptides which initiate an inflammatory cascade known as neurogenic inflammation. We investigated its role in an acute model of surgically induced oesophagitis. METHODS Oesophagitis was induced by pyloric ligation in wild-type and VR-1 deficient mice. A subset of animals were admini...

OBJECTIVE Asthma is a complex pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by the hyper-responsiveness, remodeling and inflammation of airways. Formaldehyde is a common indoor air pollutant that can cause asthma in people experiencing long-term exposure. The irritant effect and adjuvant effect are the two possible pathways of formaldehyde promoted asthma. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To exp...

Despite the fact that TRPV1 receptors are widely expressed in brain structures such as the hippocampus, its functions remain largely unknown. In the present study, we have investigated the possible modulatory role of the hippocampal endovanilloid system upon memory consolidation of two different behavioral tasks in rats. Post-training infusion of the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine disrupted memor...

Anandamide (AEA), an arachidonic acid derivative produced during inflammatory conditions, is an endogenous agonist of both transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors and cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Sensitization of capsaicin-sensitive lung vagal afferent (CSLVA) fibers by chemical mediators is important in the pathogenesis of hyperreactive airway diseases. We investigated the eff...

Analysis of small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons revealed novel functions for vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) in the regulation of cytosolic Ca(2+). The VR1 agonist capsaicin induced Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular stores in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), and this release was inhibited by the VR1 antagonist capsazepine but was unaffected by the phospholipase C inhibitor xestospongin...

BACKGROUND TRPM8 is a non-selective cation channel that belongs to the melastatin subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. TRPM8 is activated by voltage, cold and cooling compounds such as menthol. Despite its essential role for cold temperature sensing in mammals, the pharmacology of TRPM8 is still in its infancy. Recently, tyrosine 745 (Y745) was identified as a criti...

Akiba, Yasutada, Paul H. Guth, Eli Engel, Igor Nastaskin, and Jonathan D. Kaunitz. Acid-sensing pathways of rat duodenum. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 40): G268–G274, 1999.—We tested the hypothesis that the duodenal hyperemic response to acid occurs through activation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves with subsequent release of vasodilatory substances such as calcitoni...

The vanilloid receptor transient receptor potential type V1 (TRPV1) integrates responses to multiple stimuli, such as capsaicin, acid, heat, and endovanilloids and plays an important role in the transmission of inflammatory pain. Here, we report the identification and in vitro characterization of A-425619 [1-isoquinolin-5-yl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-urea], a novel, potent, and selective TRP...