The aim of this work is to establish the stability of mean-field system under non-convex confining potential. A mean-field system corresponds to a system of N particles in weak interaction and confined by an exterior force. With our hypotheses, it is a Kolmogorov diffusion with potential Υ N . Exit time of these systems have been studied in details in the smallnoise limit. Here, we will deal wi...

U a comprehensive database of American prisoners of war during World War II, we find that survival from captivity generally declines as the hierarchy of a prisoner’s group becomes steeper or more closely matches the military’s established hierarchy. There is no evidence that survival is enhanced by being held in more hierarchical groups. One interpretation of these findings that is consistent w...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. strains from wild animals in captivity at the Culiacan Zoo and the Mazatlan Aquarium in Sinaloa, Mexico. We identified 17 different Salmonella enterica serovars at a prevalence of 19.90% (Culiacan Zoo) and 6.25% (Mazatlan Aquarium). Antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that, of the 83 strains...

Captive breeding and release programs, widely used to supplement populations of declining species, minimize juvenile mortality to achieve rapid population growth. However, raising animals in benign environments may promote traits that are adaptive in captivity but maladaptive in nature. In chinook salmon, hatchery rearing relaxes natural selection favoring large eggs, allowing fecundity selecti...

Difficulties for adaptation of wild rodents' colonies in the laboratory may hamper experimental studies. We describe the use of a hollow brick inside cages, to provide shelter and reduce stress of the animals. It facilitates the cleaning of cages, since the animals stay inside the brick while they are transferred to a new cage. This method was applied in a trial for adaptation of Oryzomys nigri...

The prisoner of war (POW) experience is greatly influenced by the environmental and sociocultural factors of the particular captivity setting. Among the most important coping mechanisms are communication, maintenance of military social structure, and personality flexibility. Following repatriation some former POWs develop psychiatric disorders, most commonly 1) medico-psychiatric disorders due ...

This multivariate study examined the relationship between meaning in caregiving--positive beliefs about the caregiving situation and the self as caregiver--and the psychological well-being of 131 informal caregivers to community-residing frail elders. Measures of well-being included depression, self-esteem, mastery, role captivity, and loss of self. Meaning in caregiving explained a significant...

This paper explores within the framework of new venture legitimation how and why international new ventures acquire external legitimacy and strive for survival in the face of critical events. Following a longitudinal multiple-case study methodology that was adopted for the purpose of theory building, the paper introduces the typology of captivity, and the four types that have emerged: captive i...

The first recorded isolates of Pasteurella testudinis from South African tortoises kept in captivity is presented. P. testudinis was found in association with respiratory disease in affected animals.

the primitive arab people ruled women’s (body) covering as well as chastity, and the poets were honored to praise these qualities in their poems.in the present article reasons of women’s (body) covering are studied.the main reasons to be mentioned are grief and sorrow, fear of captivity in wars, enthusiasm and interests and poverty.