There is some evidence that the mouse lymphoma TK assay (MLA) can detect aneugens, and this is accepted in the current International Conference on Harmonisation guidance for testing pharmaceuticals. However, whether or not it can be used as a reliable screen for aneugenicity has been the subject of debate. Consequently, aneugens with diverse mechanisms of action were tested in the MLA using 24-...

Abstract Purpose The application of fungicides is one the main strategies to prevent clubroot disease. Currently, numerous studies focus on changes in soil microbial community at different levels disease severity. However, effects and causative pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae , while preventing remain unclear. Methods In this study, we evaluated control efficacy three (fluazinam, metalaxyl-m...

Seven fungicides were evaluated in vitro against Exserohilum turcicum causing leaf blight of maize The treatment mancozeb 0.25% and combination treatments of carbendazim and mancozeb i.e. saff 0.25% recorded the lowest percent disease index (PDI) reducing the disease by 73.0% and 72.1% respectively. The treatment which had a combination metriram + pyraclostrobin i.e. cabriotop 0.3% was found to...

the effect of fungicides on silkworm larvae was analyzed with regard to the fact that these beneficial insects are usually affected by fungicides, daily feeding on 1 and 2g/liter of carbendazim, a systemic fungicide, did not have significant effects on larval and pupal mortality. however the weight of the treated larvae showed considerable weight decrease up to 37% weight.. all the economic tra...

chickpea blight caused by didymella rabiei is considered as the most important disease of chickpea in kermanshah province. the disease is seed borne in addition to being persistent on infected residues, secondary infection taking place through pycnidiospores. in laboratory tests, the effects of six fungicides were tested at : 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 ?g.a.i.ml-1 csma(chickpea seed meal ag...