Crystalline La and Nd carbonates can be formed from poorly-ordered nanoparticulate precursors, termed amorphous lanthanum carbonate (ALC) and amorphous neodymium carbonate (ANC). When reacted in air or in aqueous solutions these precursors show highly variable lifetimes and crystallization pathways. We have characterized these precursors and the crystallization pathways and products with solid-...

In the mosquito midgut, luminal pH regulation and cellular ion transport processes are important for the digestion of food and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. pH regulation in the mosquito gut is affected by the vectorial movement of the principal ions including bicarbonate/carbonate and protons. As in all metazoans, mosquitoes employ the product of aerobic metabolism carbon dioxide in its...

A new diagnostic concept based on deep Raman spectroscopy is proposed permitting the non-invasive determination of the level of carbonate substitution in type II calcifications (HAP). The carbonate substitution has shown to be directly associated with the pathology of the surrounding breast tissue and different pathology groups can therefore be separated using specific features in the Raman spe...

The staining of thin sections of Osmium tetroxide (OsO4)-fixed biological materials with the lead hydroxide preparat ion of Watson (5) or with semisaturated solutions of lead subacetate (1) represents a considerable advance in electron microscope technique. The contrast of the image viewed in the electron microscope is so far enhanced that accurate focusing is now possible at appreciably higher...

Diethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate are prototype examples of eco-friendly solvents used in lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, their degradation products affect both the battery performance and its safety. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to understand the reaction mechanisms involved in the ageing processes. Among those, redox processes are likely to play a critical role. Here w...

The potentiometric response properties of ammonium-, carbonate-, and proton-selective electrodes prepared by incorporating appropriate neutral carriers within novel asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes are reported. The membranes are formed by first casting a thin layer of cellulose triacetate without carrier, hydrolyzing one side of this film with base, and then on the other side casting a s...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Keywords: benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometry Globobulimina ssp. carbonate ion concentration of pore water eastern equatorial Atlantic recostruction of deep sea temperature Existing benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca–temperature calibrations are surrounded by substantial uncertainties mainly due to low temperature sensitivity of Mg/Ca in most benthic fora...

Despite the importance of crystallization for various areas of research, our understanding of the early stages of the mineral precipitation from solution and of the actual mechanism of nucleation is still rather limited. Indeed, detailed insights into the processes underlying nucleation may enable a systematic development of novel strategies for controlling mineralization, which is highly relev...

A small difference caused by a single methyl group between EC and PC could cause large in lithium alkyl carbonates.

In this work, the thermal decomposition of a lithium ion battery electrolyte (1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/ ethyl methyl carbonate, 50/50 wt%) with a focus on the formation of organophosphates was systematically studied. The quantification of non-ionic dimethyl fluorophosphate and diethyl fluorophosphate was performed with synthesized standards by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Due to...