The central role of oxidative signalling in cardiovascular pathophysiology positions biometric measures of redox state as excellent markers for research and clinical application. However, despite this tantalizing biological plausibility, no redox biomarker is currently in widespread clinical use. Major recent insights into the mechanistic complexities of redox signalling may yet provide the opp...

According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, a biomarker is ‘a distinctive biological or biologically derived indicator (as a metabolite) of a process, event, or condition (as aging, disease, or oil formation)’ [1]. A biomarker can be structural, such as mammography or a coronary calcium scan, or functional, such as glomerular filtration rate or blood pressure, but the term biomarker is ...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Assessing the risk for cardiovascular disease is an important aspect in clinical decision making and setting a therapeutic strategy, and the use of serological biomarkers may improve this. Despite an overwhelming number of studies and meta-analyses on biomarkers and cardiovascular disease, there are no comprehensiv...

The use of biomarkers has proven utility in cardiovascular medicine and holds great promise for future advances, but their application requires considerable rigor in thinking and methodology. Numerous confounding factors can cloud the clinical and investigative uses of biomarkers. Yet, the thoughtful and critical use of biomarkers can doubtless aid discovery of new pathogenic pathways, identify...

Various biomarkers express different pathways and pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial injury, activation of the neurohormonal pathways, myocardial stress and renal function. Current thinking supports the notion that the combination of these biomarkers could increase their diagnostic and prognostic value. The multimarker appro...

BACKGROUND Circulating biomarkers can offer insight into subclinical cardiovascular stress and thus have the potential to aid in risk stratification and tailoring of therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured plasma levels of 4 cardiovascular biomarkers, midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1), ...

Background—Circulating biomarkers can offer insight into subclinical cardiovascular stress and thus have the potential to aid in risk stratification and tailoring of therapy. Methods and Results—We measured plasma levels of 4 cardiovascular biomarkers, midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1), an...

Obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet, the underlying mechanisms are only poorly understood. The adipose tissue produces a variety of hormones and cytokines and thereby actively participates in a network of biomarkers that may be relevant for the development of CVD. Such obesity biomarkers have a great potential to better characterize the obesity phenotype ...

C irculating biomarkers play an increasingly important role in cardiovascular medicine. Clinicians routinely measure biomarkers of cardiac injury, neurohormonal activation, and renal function for diagnosis and risk assessment and for guiding therapeutic decision making. Several intersecting trends have heightened interest in the discovery and validation of additional cardiovascular biomarkers, ...