This brief essay considers the “mediation dilemma” in light of new analysis by Constantin Ruhe and Iris Volg. Volg’s adds to our understanding manipulative mediation two important ways: (a) it demonstrates how an that uses a lens survival functions clarifies policy trade-offs beyond what is possible from changing hazard rates; (b) lighter (nonmanipulative) forms have less positive effect on pea...

Compensation schemes often reward success but do not penalize failure. Fixed salaries with stock options or bonuses have this feature. Yet the standard principal–agent model implies that pay is normally monotonically increasing in performance. This paper shows that, under loss aversion, there will be intervals over which pay is insensitive to performance, with the use of carrots but not sticks ...

Green growth has resulted from resource management, setting the speed for sustainable development. Eco-innovations are essential improvement of a firm’s performance with societal gains, demanding special attention policy makers. This paper deals effect actions on enhancement eco-innovation adoption. The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2012–2014 is used to estimate impact ‘carrots’ and ‘sticks...