OBJECTIVES Literature on cross-cultural differences in cognition suggests that categorization, as an information processing and organization strategy, was more often used by Westerners than by East Asians, particularly for older adults. This study examines East-West cultural differences in memory for categorically processed items and sources in young and older Canadians and native Chinese with ...

A description of all varieties categorically equivalent to a fixed finitely generated variety of modes is provided. The characterization is in terms of a set of basic operations symbols and identities. For the special case of semilattices, a one-to-one correspondence between the categorically equivalent varieties and the isomorphism types of finite posets is exhibited. Applications to rectangul...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the perceptions of clinical preparedness among graduates of categorical pediatric and internal medicine residency programs versus medicine-pediatric training programs and whether these varied for recent or older graduates. METHODS A mail survey study was conducted in the fall of 2004 of a random sample of 245 and 246 internal medicine physi...

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disorder, and around a third of patients are treatment-resistant. The only evidence-based treatment for these patients is clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic with relatively weak dopamine antagonism. It is plausible that varying degrees of response to antipsychotics reflect categorically distinct illness subtypes, which would have significant ...

How does orthographic distinctiveness affect recall of structured (categorized) word lists? On one theory, enhanced item-specific information (e.g., more distinct encoding) in concert with robust relational information (e.g., categorical information) optimally supports free recall. This predicts that for categorically structured lists, orthographically distinct (OD) word lists should be recalle...

Understanding how emotions are represented neurally is a central aim of affective neuroscience. Despite decades of neuroimaging efforts addressing this question, it remains unclear whether emotions are represented as distinct entities, as predicted by categorical theories, or are constructed from a smaller set of underlying factors, as predicted by dimensional accounts. Here, we capitalize on m...

In this paper, notions of L-topological derived internal relation space, interior operator enclosed space and closure are introduced. It is proved that all these spaces categorically isomorphic to space.

Categorical perception occurs when a physical continuum is perceived discontinuously. In speech, a vast body of research has shown that consonants are perceived categorically whereas vowels are perceived continuously. The other major phonetic unit of speech, lexical tone, has been relatively neglected in categorical perception studies. Here tonal language (Thai), and non-tonal language (Austral...