We examined the time-course of the utilization of background knowledge in perceptual categorization by manipulating the meaningfulness of labels associated with categories and by manipulating the amount of time given to subjects to make a categorization decision. Extending a paradigm originally reported by Wisniewski and Medin (1994), subjects learned two categories of children's drawings that ...

In four experiments, Malt and Sloman [Malt, B. C., & Sloman, S. A. (2007). Category essence or essentially pragmatic? Creator’s intention in naming and what’s really what. Cognition, 105, 615–648] show that the naming of artifacts is affected by discourse context. They see this phenomenon as posing a problem for the intentional-history theory of artifact categorization (e.g., [Bloom, P. (1996)....

VSM is a mature model of text representation for categorization. Words are commonly used as dimensions of feature space of VSM, but words only provide little semantic information. Sentence category theory is an important component of HNC theory and can provide abundant information about meaning, structure and style of a sentence. We use sentence categories as dimensions of feature space, reduce...

Categorization is treating two or more discriminable entities as equivalent. Cognitive psychologists typically study categorization by looking at sorting, labelling, identification, and membership judgments. However, categorization includes any behavior that is generalized across several different entities or items. Flexibility of categorization is categorizing entity [a] with set [X] on one oc...

introductiongeopolitics is a word that conjures up images. in one sense, the word provokes ideas of war, empire, and diplomacy: geopolitics is the practice of states controlling and competing for territory. geopolitics had a history before the term itself came in to use in 1899 by swede rudolf kjellen. it is apparent that many of great figures in the history of political thought, from the ancie...

  Exploration into the concept of "medical expert" dates back to more than 50 years ago, yet yielding three leading theories in the area of clinical reasoning, namely, knowledge structure, hypothetic-deductive, and dual process. Each theory defines “medical expert” in a dissimilar way. Therefore, the methods of assessment through which the experts are identified have been changed during the tim...

This paper introduces the reference theory and algorithm of text categorization by using fuzzy cognitive map(FCM), which is based on value inference and can be able to infer by combing rule and statistics. This method is flexible and robust, and we do not need train the corpus time after time,it is suitable to the text categorization of insufficiency training, new subject and multiclassification.

...................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 Categorization ..................................................................................................................1 A Quantitative Measure of Simi...