X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) caused by variants in the EDA gene represents the most common ectodermal dysplasia in humans. We investigated three male mixed-breed dogs with an ectodermal dysplasia phenotype characterized by marked hypotrichosis and multifocal complete alopecia, almost complete absence of sweat and sebaceous glands, and altered dentition with missing and abn...

conclusions getting a complete knowledge of the condition and evaluating different treatment modalities to treat thoracic insufficiency syndrome. results a direct enlargement of the thorax that will thus provide sufficient space for lung growth; the correction of both the three-dimensional thoracic deformity and the progressive scoliosis. recent findings have revealed that veptr instrumentation...

AIM To investigate markers for high-grade dysplasia for the optimal timing of liver transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). METHODS Earlier data support a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence, even low- to high-grade dysplasia, in PSC-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Surveillance using endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and brush cytology aims to detect cas...

Stickler syndrome (SS) is an autosomal dominant inherited genetic disorder that presents with hearing loss, a cleft palate, epiphyseal dysplasia, and degeneration, similar to arthritis well known be associated rhegmato-genous retinal detachments. A particular group of physical features called Pierre Robin sequence also common in people stickler syndrome. includes glossoptosis, micrognathia. We ...

INTRODUCTION M A N Y experiments have recently been conducted to investigate the effects of oxygen deficiency upon embryonic development. Embryos offish, amphibia and birds have most frequently been used. Of all these experiments, those of Stockard (1921), of Biichner and his co-workers, and particularly of Rubsaamen (1952), were the most striking. Experiments employing mammals have been very f...

INTRODUCTION M A N Y experiments have recently been conducted to investigate the effects of oxygen deficiency upon embryonic development. Embryos offish, amphibia and birds have most frequently been used. Of all these experiments, those of Stockard (1921), of Biichner and his co-workers, and particularly of Rubsaamen (1952), were the most striking. Experiments employing mammals have been very f...

In the South American abelisaurids Carnotaurus sastrei, Aucasaurus garridoi, and, to a lesser extent Skorpiovenator bustingorryi, the anterior caudal ribs project at a high dorsolateral inclination and have interlocking lateral tips. This unique morphology facilitated the expansion of the caudal hypaxial musculature at the expense of the epaxial musculature. Distinct ridges on the ventrolateral...

background: pain in infancy is a developmental process. due to the underdeveloped pain pathways in the spinal cord, the threshold of stimulation and sensation of pain is low at birth and has potential impacts on increasing the central effects of pain. primary trauma during infancy can cause long term changes in structure and function of pain pathways that continue until adulthood. lack of pain ...