This investigation was conducted on 30 adult, male and female budgerigars. The thyroid and parathyroid glands adhere to each other on both sides of the body and are surrounded by a common connective tissue capsule. The glandular "cluster" on the right side was cranial and dorsal in relation to that on the left. The thyroid glands were most often supplied with blood by the following glandular ar...

Palsies involving the anterior interosseous nerve comprise less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Patients often present initially with acute pain in the proximal forearm, lasting several hours to days. The pain subsides, to be followed by paresis or total paralysis of the pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus and the radial half of the flexor profundus, either individually or ...

Transplantation of arteries into the anterior eye chamber of rats for 8 weeks was used to test the hypothesis that the neurohumoral environment is important in establishing the altered membrane potential (observable during electrogenic ion transport inhibition) of vascular muscle in hypertension. When caudal arteries from 12- to 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or genetically m...

Any kind of anatomical variation whether encountered during cadaveric dissections or routine clinical or surgical procedures needs to be reported and taken into account. This can be quite helpful in planning surgeries accordingly and avoid disastrous complications. During routine cadaveric dissection, authors found a superficial course of arteries of the arm as well as the forearm, unilaterally...

In rat caudal artery, contraction to melatonin results primarily from activation of MT(1) melatonin receptors; however, the role of MT(2) melatonin receptors in vascular responses is controversial. We examined and compared the expression and function of MT(2) receptors with that of MT(1) receptors in male rat caudal artery. MT(1) and MT(2) melatonin receptor mRNA was amplified by reverse transc...

The interosseous and lumbrical muscles in twenty-five hands of Japanese adult cadavers were dissected. The palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles continued, with few exceptions, into the wing tendons. The dorsal interosseous muscles gave off tendons which pierced the transverse laminae or passed deep to the transverse laminae, and attached to the bases of the proximal phalanges. The palmar inte...

This study documents the existence and topographic anatomy of a rare case of variant forearm arteries found in the left upper limb of a 68-year-old male cadaver. The arteries of the arm followed typical courses, but both the radial and ulnar arteries in the forearm followed a superficial course. The common interosseous artery and recurrent ulnar arteries branched from the radial, not the ulnar,...

An isolated neurovascular variation is common but multiple vascular anomalies on same upper limb is a very rare case. We observed an unusual variations in right upper limb during routine dissection of a Nepali cadaver. The variations were observed in Axilla, Forearm and Palm. In axilla, fi rst part of axillary artery did not give any branch, the second part of axillary artery gave off only two ...

Presenter: Nicole M Nevarez MD | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Methods: In this submitted video we detail the four steps utilized in dissecting uncinate process off superior mesenteric vessels during a robotic assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy. The commonly utilize segment procedure include order:1.Dissection vein from process2.Cranial dissection for landing zone3.Dissection 1s...

Research into the pattern and variation of brain arteries in wild rabbit involved 43 brains. The main source of blood supply to the brain in rabbit are vertebral arteries and the basilar artery, formed as a result of their anastomosis, as well as internal carotid arteries the branches of which form the arterial circle of the brain. Variation in descent concerns mostly the pattern of descent of ...