Detailed surface images of the Moon and Mars reveal hundreds of cave-like openings. These cave-like openings are theorized to be remnants of lava-tubes and their interior maybe in pristine conditions. These locations may have well preserved geological records of the Moon and Mars, including evidence of past water flow and habitability. Exploration of these caves using wheeled rovers remains a d...

ENTURY OF L IFE H APPY B IRTHDAY P AUL W EISS Paul Weiss, one of the great American philosophers of the twentieth century, celebrated his 100th birthday on 19 May. Peirceans worldwide are indebted to Paul for the crucial role he played in the 1930s in editing Peirce’s writings for the Harvard edition. The Collected Papers inaugurated Peirce scholarship, standing as the historical foundation for...

In longwall mining, premining prediction of methane emission rate depends on a number of geological factors, geographical factors, and operational factors. These same factors also can impact the selection of a specific degasification system. This study proposes a principle component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach to predict the ventilation methane emission rates of ...

Causal markers, syntactic structures and connectives have been the sole identifying features for automatically extracting causal relations in natural language discourse. However, various connectives such as “and”, prepositions such as “as”, and other syntactic structures are highly ambiguous in nature, as they have multiple meanings besides causality. As a result, one cannot solely rely on lexi...

Interleukin (IL) 2 signaling requires the dimerization of the IL-2 receptor f3 (IL-2Rf3) and common y ('yc) chains. The yc is also a component of the receptors for IL-4, IL-7, and IL-9. To assess the extent and role of the receptor signal transducing system utilizing the yc chain on human intestinal epithelial cells, the expression of yc, IL-2Rj3, and receptor chains specific for IL-4, IL-7, an...

Quantitative phase mapping can be obtained by solving the Transport-of-Intensity equation (TIE) for two brightfield images I1 and I2 taken at two defocus distances. Phase restoration by TIE is based on the gradient of axial intensity, which is approximated by the difference I1-I2. The results of computation, however, are very sensitive to slight fluctuations of intensity between I1 and I2, resu...

introduction recently, the presence of residents and their behavior in the urban space have become so important that manycontemporary urban theorists view the presentera as the “turn of urban space and what is happening in it”. the importance of urban behaviors and activities could be discussed from different points of view. in the contemporary literature of urban design, the mutual interaction...