The characteristic collision energy (CCE) to obtain 50% fragmentation of positively and negatively single charged noncovalent clusters has been measured. CCE was found to increase linearly with the degrees of freedom (DoF) of the precursor ion, analogously to that observed for synthetic polymers. This suggests that fragmentation behavior (e.g. energy randomization) in covalent molecules and clu...

Renal disease caused by cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) occurs when cholesterol crystals become lodged in small renal arteries after small pieces of atheromatous plaques break off from the aorta or renal arteries and shower the downstream vascular bed. CCE is a multisystemic disease but kidneys are particularly vulnerable to atheroembolic disease, which can cause an acute, subacute, or chron...

Stimulation of G protein– or tyrosine kinase–coupled receptors regulates cell proliferation through intracellular Ca ([Ca]i) signaling. In A7r5 cells, we confirmed that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) mediates vasopressin (VP)-evoked Ca release from intracellular stores and showed that types 1 (IP3R1) and 3 (IP3R3) IP3 receptors were expressed. Using antisera selective for IP3R1 or IP3R3 and...

Motivated by the need for chemical strategies designed to tune peptide fragmentation to selective cleavage reactions, benzyl ring substituent influence on the relative formation of carbocation elimination (CCE) products from peptides with benzylamine-derivatized lysyl residues has been examined using collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry. Unsubstituted benzylamine-deriva...

The main idea of this paper is to discuss the ICCS 2009 framework (Schulz et al. 2008) in order to explore possible changes for the ICCS 2016 framework. The most important problem to consider is how to deal with the fact that civic and citizenship education (hereafter CCE) is both a contested matter and a contestable matter. The paper proposes to establish a meta-consensus accepting ‘contestedn...

This paper describes constructionist collaborative engineering (CCE), a paradigm for teaching high school students to understand science from a complex systems perspective. Constructionism, as originally developed by Papert (1980), is in part a theory of understanding how people learn more effectively by building, programming, creating, and designing their own materials for learning ("objects t...

We introduce a new cluster-cumulant expansion (CCE) based on the fixed points of iterative belief propagation (IBP). This expansion is similar in spirit to the loop-series (LS) recently introduced in [1]. However, in contrast to the latter, the CCE enjoys the following important qualities: 1) it is defined for arbitrary state spaces 2) it is easily extended to fixed points of generalized belief...

This paper describes how people’s future needs are derived by applying Cognitive Chrono-Ethnography (CCE), a study methodology for understanding people’s in situ behavior selections in daily life. CCE starts by defining critical parameters for understanding people’s behavior by considering the nature of behavior selection processes in the field in question, and then designing ethnographical fie...

Several receptors, including those for AVP (Arg8-vasopressin) and 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine), share an ability to stimulate PLC (phospholipase C) and so production of IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) and DAG (diacylglycerol) in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells. Our previous analysis of the effects of AVP on Ca2+ entry [Moneer, Dyer and Taylor (2003) Biochem. J. 370, 439-448] showed that arac...

With the goal of generating retinal cells from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by exogenous gene transfer, we introduced the Rx/rax transcription factor, which is expressed in immature retinal cells, into feeder-free mouse ES cells (CCE). CCE cells expressing Rx/rax as well as enhanced green fluorescent protein (CCE-RX/E cells) proliferated and remained in the undifferentiated state in the pres...