Bacterial superantigens induce peripheral unresponsiveness in CD4 1 T cell populations that express appropriate V b chains. We have used V b 3/V a 11 T cell receptor transgenic (Tg) mice and the V b 3-specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to further investigate the mechanisms that contribute to such unresponsiveness. As in other models, in vivo exposure to SEA rendered the Tg...

The solubility enhancement of diazepam and nitrazepam in water was analyzed depending on temperature and amount of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD). The interactions of drug-cyclodextrin in solution were investigated by the phase-solubility analysis. Diazepam (nitrazepam) content in aqueous complexation medium was analyzed UV spectropho...

In this study a factorial design was used to optimize process conditions produce spray-dried powder of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) with ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD). Predicted for maximum yield and minimum residual moisture were as follows: inlet temperature; 120 °C, aspirator setting; 100%, feed rate; 25%, molar ratio DHA:?-CD; 1:2. The higher percent inclusion obtained in the lower DHA:?-CD. DHA existe...

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The title compound, (EtMe(3)N)(2)[Cd(Se(4))(2)], which has been prepared by reaction of CdI(2), K(2)Se(4) and EtMe(3)NI in dimethyl-formamide, is the first example of a [Cd(Se(4))(2)](2-) anion stabilized by alkyl-ammonium counter-ions. The Cd atom in the complex [Cd(Se(4))(2)](2-) anion is tetra-hedrally coordinated by two chelating tetra-selenide ligands, and both CdSe(4) rings exhibit an env...

CD2-mediated T lymphocyte activation requires surface expression of CD3-Ti, the T cell receptor (TCR) for antigen major histocompatibility complex protein. Given the importance of CD3~" in TCR signaling, we have directly examined the ability of the CD3~" cytoplasmic domain to couple CD2 to intracellular signal transduction pathways. A cDNA encoding a chimeric protein consisting of the human CD3...

The effects of temperature, pH and long-term storage on the secondary structure and conformation changes of bovine haemoglobin (bHb) were studied using circular dichroism (CD) and ultraviolet--visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies. Neural network software was used to deconvolute the CD data to obtain the fractional content of the five secondary structures. The storage stability of bHb solutions in pH...

The mechanisms of toxicity of cadmium (Cd(2+)) in adrenal steroidogenesis were investigated in vitro in adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Toxicity of Cd(2+) was increased in absence of extracellular Ca(2+), but was prevented in Ca(2+)-supplemented medium. Pretreatment of cells with BAY K8644 (BAY), an agonist of voltage-dependent calcium channels, increased the Cd(2+)...

Cadmium uptake by red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) pollen from a graded series of Cd(2+) solutions (0 to 2.88 microequivalents per 50 milligrams pollen) and its effect on membrane integrity were examined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Uptake was strongly dependent on Cd(2+) concentration and was limited to adsorption and cation exchange in pollen walls during a 3-hour measurement period. Good...

The effect of cadmium compounds containing selenium in different oxidation states such as Se(IV), Se(VI), and Se(–II) on production characteristics, shoot water content and chlorophyll content in the leaves as well as Cd and Se accumulation in plant organs of Hypericum perforatum plants was investigated. Complexes with nicotinamide (nia) of the type Cd(NCX)2(nia)2 where X = Se or S as well as C...