Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematopoietic malignancy, remains an incurable plasma cell (PC) neoplasm. While the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (Bz) has increased patient survival, resistance represents a major treatment obstacle as most patients ultimately relapse becoming refractory to additional Bz therapy. Current tests fail to detect emerging resistance; by the time pati...

Abstract While systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionally affects women versus men, elevation in 17β -estradiol (E2) alone is not sufficient to promote the development of autoantibody producing B cells. The objective present study determine if B-cell intrinsic mechanisms contribute increased TLR7 response E2 stimulation. We identified that there were elevated circulating levels young ...