Background: Cyclosporine is one of the main immunosuppressors used for renal transplant recipients, and is given to prevent transplant rejection. Although the drug increases the survival of patients and grafted organs, it has some side effects independent of its effect on the immune system that are usually ignored. Achillea Millefolium is famous for its medical application as an analgesic and a...

background: little is understood about the regulation of gene expression during early goat embryo development. this study investigated the expression profile of 19 genes, known to be critical for early embryo development in mouse and human, at five different stages of goat in vitro embryo development (oocyte, 8-16 cell, morula, day-7 blastocyst, and day 14 blastocyst). materials and methods: st...

OBJECTIVE The correlation of the embryo matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion, embryonic development and clinical pregnancy was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The embryo culture from in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients were collected in the Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2013 to September 2014. At the same time, the embryo grade was recorded. The secreti...

Enamel matrix derivative Emdogain (EMD) is widely used in periodontal treatment in spite of the fact that its effect on the developing embryo has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the teratogenic effect of EMD on the rat embryo neural crest cells. The neural crest is a unique population of cells that migrates from the dorsal neural tube along defined pathways and pro...

The aim of this study was to isolate mouse embryonic stem cells from late blastocyst stage embryos and to use them as a model system for the study of hematopoietic induction outside the embryo by coculturing of embryonic stem cells with bone marrow stromal cells. Blastocyst stage embryos from pregnant NMRI mice were obtained and cultured for 1-2 days in DMEM medium. The inner cell masses formed...

The spreading of mesenchymal-like cell layers is critical for embryo morphogenesis and tissue repair, yet we know little of this process in vivo. Here we take advantage of unique developmental features of the non-conventional annual killifish embryo to study the principles underlying tissue spreading in a simple cellular environment, devoid of patterning signals and major morphogenetic cell mov...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Water channels, also named aquaporins (AQPs), play crucial roles in cellular water homeostasis. METHODS RT-PCR indicated the mRNA expression of AQPs 1-5, 7, 9, and 11-12, but not AQPs 0, 6, 8, and 10 in the 2∼8-cell stage human embryos. AQP3 and AQP7 were further analyzed for their mRNA expression and protein expression in the oocyte, zygote, 2-cell embryo, 4-cell embryo, 8-ce...

Background: It was reported in a literature that approximately one third of the 4-cell stage embryos did not exhibit a tetrahedral shape. Non-tetrahedral embryos showed a lower in vitro developmental potential than tetrahedral embryos. Recently vitrification technology has been widely employed for embryo cryopreservation. The objective of this study was to prove our hypothesis that vitrified - ...