This paper presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of the causes of corrosion of stack in a cement plant. In this paper, information related to metallic stack failures are given in the form of a case study in Neka Cement Plant, Mazandaran, Iran. Heavy corrosion attacks were observed on the samples of stack. The failure can be caused by one or more modes such as overheating, stres...

Cement dust exposure has previously been associated with airway symptoms and ventilatory impairment. The aim of the present study was to examine lung function and airway symptoms among employees in different jobs and at different levels of exposure to thoracic dust in the cement production industry. At the start of a 4-yr prospective cohort study in 2007, exposure to cement dust, symptoms and l...

The aim of the present work was to assess the emission of different persistent organic pollutants from a cement plant over a period of one year, under normal operational conditions. Thus, a long-term sampling device was installed in the clinker kiln stack of the cement plant. The factory uses petroleum coke as primary fuel, but also alternative fuels such as solid recovered fuel (SRF), automoti...

A challenge for many cartels is avoiding a destabilizing increase in non-cartel supply in response to having raised price. In the case of the German cement cartel that operated over 1991-2002, the primary source of non-cartel supply was imports from Eastern European cement manufacturers. Industry sources have claimed that the cartel sought to control imports by sharing rents with intermediaries...

Current environmental and economical circumstances accelerate the developments of new concrete constituents. Whereas the process technology impacts the mix-design strategy, it seems obvious that manufacturing process is prone to evolutions. This article presents a method to compare environmental and economical consequences of different technological solutions on the basis of the influence on th...

Rotary cement kiln is the main part of a cement plant that clinker is produced in it. Continual and prolonged operation of rotary cement kiln is vital in cement factories. However, continual operation of the kiln is not possible and periodic repairs of the refractory lining would become necessary, due to non-linear phenomena existing in the kiln, such as sudden falls of coatings in the burning ...

Waste incineration still seems to be an essential technology in the concept of integrated waste management. However, the desirable quantity of waste incineration residue needs to be as low as possible. Therefore, related optimization of two-stage waste incineration technology has been performed with the main goal of producing lower amounts of boiler ash, fly ash and flue gas-treatment residue, ...

In a study of the mortality experience of 6931 employees of two New Orleans asbestos cement products manufacturing plants over 95% were traced. Chrysotile was the primary fibre used in both plants. Plant 1 also used small amounts of amosite and, later, crocidolite irregularly whereas plant 2 used crocidolite steadily in pipe production. Previously reported exposure concentration estimates were ...

The Rotary Kiln forms the heart of the cement manufacturing plant where most of the energy is being consumed by the burning of clinker, which when powdered and mixed with gypsum gives cement. In order to assure acceptable qualities for the clinker, it is important to make sure that the raw meal fed to the rotary kiln has been properly burnt for which the temperature in the burning zone needs to...