This tutorial explains the surge phenomenon as well as the precursors of surge and the damage that surge can cause to the equipment. Then, methods to keep the compressor system from surge, i.e., modern surge control systems, are discussed. This includes the necessary instruments, algorithms used, as well as the piping layout required. Sizing considerations for valves and other system components...

In this paper, the transient model of a water-cooled centrifugal chiller is developed in Modelica with Dymola and the TLK/IfT Library (TIL). The centrifugal compressor is modeled in detail based on the turbomachinery theory. The chiller capacity control is achieved by the combination of variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) and variable speed drive (VSD). The shell-and-tube heat exchangers are discr...

Centrifugal compressors are a key piece of equipment for modern production. Among the components of the centrifugal compressor, the impeller is a pivotal part as it is used to transform kinetic energy into pressure energy. Blade crack condition monitoring and classification has been broadly investigated in the industrial and academic area. In this research, a pressure pulsation (PP) sensor arra...

The use of abradable and rub tolerant polymer seals to reduce leakage between rotating and stationary members in centrifugal compressors and steam turbines has increased over the years. Abradable materials such as mica-filled tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), nickel graphite, and aluminum alloy containing silicon/polyester are the most commonly used and have gained acceptance in the marketplace. This ...

The aim of this work is the application of the phase variation in vibration signal for fault detection on rotating machines. The vibration signal from the machine is modulated in amplitude and phase around a carrier frequency. The modulating signal in phase is determined after the Hilbert transform and is used, with the Fast Fourier Transform, to extract the harmonics spectrum in phase. This me...

Variable-speed centrifugal compressors are used in a wide variety of industries and applications, including natural gas pipelines and processing plants, oil refineries and chemical plants, air-separation units, refrigeration and air conditioning equipment refrigerant cycles, gas turbines and auxiliary power generators, and many more. Some natural gas plants, for example, employ a propane-precoo...