Resistance of Nosema ceranae to different exposure conditions has been evaluated by using Sytox green and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) to test spore viability. High thermotolerance at 60 and 35 degrees C and resistance to desiccation were observed. However, a significant decrease in viability after freezing and a rapid degeneration of spores maintained at 4 degrees C were also detected.

The microsporidium Nosema ceranae is a newly prevalent parasite of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera). Although this parasite is presently spreading across the world into its novel host, the mechanisms by it which affects the bees and how bees respond are not well understood. We therefore performed an extensive characterization of the parasite effects at the molecular level by using geneti...

It has become increasingly clear that gut bacteria play vital roles in the development, nutrition, immunity, and overall fitness of their eukaryotic hosts. We conducted the present study to investigate the effects of gut microbiota disruption on the honey bee's immune responses to infection by the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae. Newly emerged adult workers were collected and divided int...

The sub-3 Mbp genomes from microsporidian species of the Encephalitozoon genus are the smallest known among eukaryotes and paragons of genomic reduction and compaction in parasites. However, their diminutive stature is not characteristic of all Microsporidia, whose genome sizes vary by an order of magnitude. This large variability suggests that different evolutionary forces are applied on the g...

In agriculture, honey bees play a critical role as commercial pollinators of crop monocultures which depend on insect pollination. Hence, the demise of honey bee colonies in Europe, USA, and Asia caused much concern and initiated many studies and research programmes aiming at elucidating the factors negatively affecting honey bee health and survival. Most of these studies look at individual fac...

For the living world, in existing ecosystem, for reproduction, production and spread of plant species, bees are one most important parts nature. In pollination certain field fruit-vegetable participate with almost 100%. Any factor that contributes to reducing presence nature, directly affects fertility indirectly rest entire population. Nosemosis is a microorganism has great impact on health be...

Learning and memory are crucial functions which enable insect pollinators to efficiently locate and extract floral rewards. Exposure to pesticides or infection by parasites may cause subtle but ecologically important changes in cognitive functions of pollinators. The potential interactive effects of these stressors on learning and memory have not yet been explored. Furthermore, sensitivity to s...

The aim of this study was to determine the Nosema species by microscopic and molecular method its association with honeybee colony losses (Colony Collapse Disorder) in apiaries Urmia, Northwest Iran. For purpose, samples were collected from 840 colonies kept 120 five different location Urmia. specimens examined for presence spores. After DNA isolation, 16S rRNA gene evaluated using multiplex PC...

Abstract. Aditya IGMRA, Purwanto H. 2023. Molecular detection of the pathogen Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in honey Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2612-2622. bees play a major role global crop pollination. The bee population faces various threats, one being entomopathogens, responsible for 13% bees' declining cases. Some pathogens are Nosema sp., Melissococcus plutonius, and Paenibacillus...

In recent years, many pollinators have declined in abundance and diversity worldwide, presenting a potential threat to agricultural productivity, biodiversity and the functioning of natural ecosystems. One of the most debated factors proposed to be contributing to pollinator declines is exposure to pesticides, particularly neonicotinoids, a widely used class of systemic insecticide. Also, newly...