Yes No No No Yes 31 104 5 104 26 0 No No No Yes Yes 102 3 102 3 Ticks Present? Theileriosis Present? Fusca Present? Morsitans Present? Palpa Present? Parva (ECF) Tstete Total Area (km2) Total Population Density Total Area (km2) with Population >16 people/ (km2) Population Density in Areas having >16 people/ (km2) Total Area (km2) with Population <16 people/ (km2) Population Density in Areas hav...

Theileria annulata infects predominantly macrophages, and to a lesser extent B cells, and causes a widespread disease of cattle called tropical theileriosis. Disease-causing infected macrophages are aggressively invasive, but this virulence trait can be attenuated by long-term culture. Attenuated macrophages are used as live vaccines against tropical theileriosis and via their characterization ...

BACKGROUND In this study, the pilot production of aerobic bioreactor tropical theileriosis vaccine was optimized with the aim of immunological assays for further mass production. METHODS We have shown earlier the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay could be used for evaluating the immunity and memory cells against specific Theileria antigen in vaccinated animals. In addition, TNF-α is t...

AIM The aim was to determine hemato-biochemical alterations and to determine the better treatment of theileriosis in naturally infected calves. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 74 Holstein crossbred calves below 6 months of age, of either sex were included for present investigation in Bikaner. Based on the clinical examinations and laboratory results, 20 calves included for hemato-biochemical...

Live attenuated vaccines are used to combat tropical theileriosis in North Africa, the Middle East, India, and China. The attenuation process is empirical and occurs only after many months, sometimes years, of in vitro culture of virulent clinical isolates. During this extensive culturing, attenuated lines lose their vaccine potential. To circumvent this we engineered the rapid ablation of the ...

Theileria parasites invade and transform bovine leukocytes causing either East Coast fever (T. parva), or tropical theileriosis (T. annulata). Susceptible animals usually die within weeks of infection, but indigenous infected cattle show markedly reduced pathology, suggesting that host genetic factors may cause disease susceptibility. Attenuated live vaccines are widely used to control tropical...