Solar radiation incident at the Earth’s surface (Rs) is an essential component of the total energy exchange between the atmosphere and the surface. Reanalysis data have been widely used, but a comprehensive validation using surface measurements is still highly needed. In this study, we evaluated the Rs estimates from six current representative global reanalyses (NCEP–NCAR, NCEP-DOE; CFSR; ERA-I...

The uncertainties related to atmospheric fields in the Arctic Ocean from commonly used and recently available reanalysis products are investigated. Fields from the 1) ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERAInterim), 2) Common Ocean–Ice Reference Experiment version 2 (CORE2), 3) Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis Project (JRA-25), 4) NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, 5) NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and 6) ...

Chimeras created by fusing the monomeric red fluorescent protein (RFP) to a bacterial lipoprotein signal peptide (lipoRFPs) were visualized in the cell envelope by epifluorescence microscopy. Plasmolysis of the bacteria separated the inner and outer membranes, allowing the specific subcellular localization of lipoRFPs to be determined in situ. When equipped with the canonical inner membrane lip...

[1] The Tropical Meteorology Project at Colorado State University has issued seasonal forecasts for Atlantic basin hurricane activity in early August since 1984. This paper proposes a simplified scheme, using a combination of two surface predictors selected from the newly‐developed Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) as well as a dynamical forecast for El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ...

Upwelling leads to a sharp and strong decrease in water temperature the coastal zone of southeastern Baltic Sea. The quality existing hydrodynamic models cannot fully meet requirements accurate upwelling forecasts. This study provides insight into applicability simplified Ekman criterion method for is ratio vertical velocity duration wind mixed layer density. was determined by divergence integr...

The main parameters of wind waves in the World Ocean are connected with global climate change. Renewable energy technologies, intensive shipping, fishery, marine infrastructure, and many different human activities coastal zone open sea need knowledge about wind-wave climate. motivation this research is to share various wave high spatial resolution via a modern cartographic web atlas. developed ...

Abstract This study investigates the utility of satellite-based rainfall products and performance bias correction methods in one sub-basins Upper Blue Nile Basin (Main Beles basin). Four satellite are used: Climate Prediction Center (CPC) MORPHing technique (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), Tropical Rainfall Measurin...