This paper examines three channel policies that are used in declining price environments: Price protection (P) is a mechanism under which the manufacturer pays the retailer a credit applying to the retailer’s unsold inventory when the wholesale price drops during the life cycle; midlife returns (M) allow the retailer to return units partway through the life cycle at some rebate; and end-of-life...

Achannel rebate is a payment from a manufacturer to a retailer based on retailer sales to end consumers. Two common forms of channel rebates are linear rebates, in which the rebate is paid for each unit sold, and target rebates, in which the rebate is paid for each unit sold beyond a specified target level. When demand is not influenced by sales effort, a properly designed target rebate achieve...

By constructing a dual-channel fresh agricultural product (FAP) supply chain consisting of retailer and supplier, this paper considers the effect fresh-keeping level on freshness perishable products constructs time-varying demand function based freshness. The operating cost internet channel to supplier has also been considered in model. Optimal pricing strategy profits members under dual channe...

We explore the implications of heterogeneous consumer response to advertising for distribution channel firms. We solve a game theoretic model using a consumer-based utility model for a decentralized and a coordinated channel. We show that heterogeneity considerably affects the value of channel coordination.

Alamethicin, a member of the peptaibol family of antibiotics, is a typical channel-forming peptide with a helical structure. The self-assembly of the peptide in the membranes yields voltage-dependent channels. In this study, three alamethicin analogs possessing a charged residue (His, Lys, or Glu) on their N-termini were designed with the expectation of stabilizing the transmembrane structure. ...