We consider a model in which banks face two moral hazard problems: 1) asset substitution by shareholders, which can occur when banks make socially-inefficient, risky loans; and 2) managerial under-provision of effort in loan monitoring. The privately-optimal level of bank leverage is neither too low nor too high: It efficiently balances the market discipline that owners of risky debt impose on ...

Juvenile growth rate is an important life-history trait that affects the size at maturity, and may influence the development of sexual ornamentation. The sword of several species of the genus Xiphophorus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) is an elaborate secondary sexual trait that confers an advantage in terms of sexual selection, counterbalanced by locomotive and predatory costs. This study assesses di...

Sexual selection via female mate choice can result in the evolution of elaborate male traits that incur substantial costs for males. Despite increased interest in how female mating preferences contribute to the evolution of male traits, few studies have directly quantified the locomotor costs of such traits. A sexually selected trait that could affect movement costs is the sword exhibited by ma...

Tuberculosis has been always considered a major health concern especially for low income countries. People with diabetes have shown increased prevalence of undiagnosed tuberculosis when compared to that of the general population.Research also indicates that those affected with infectious diseases are more likely to develop diabetes. There is enough evidence that demonstrates that people with tu...

As much as strong medical paternalism should never be exercised, some weak paternalism towards patients is, on the contrary, part of physicians' and society's moral obligation. So far, this is a widely consented position in medical ethics. What then are the defining and the justifying conditions for legitimate weak paternalism in psychiatry? In this presentation it is argued in favor of three n...

hiele et al. (1) report a study dealing with the impact of -acetylcysteine (NAC) administered simultaneously on preventng iodinated contrast agent-induced nephropathy and reperfusion njury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction reated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study ncluded 126 patients compared with a placebo-treated group. heir results as well as co...