The ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) has developed a framework to support a transition in the way in which information for chemical risk assessment is obtained and used (RISK21). The approach is based on detailed problem formulation, where exposure drives the data acquisition process in order to enable informed decision-making on human health safety as soon as sufficient ...

The antiaromaticity of fluorenyl cations is dependent on the magnitude of the charge of the system. Theoretical assessments of antiaromaticity and charge were supported by experimental NMR chemical shifts. Delocalization was related to antiaromaticity, and evaluated through the standard deviation of the charges on carbons of the fluorenyl systems.

Assessing the impacts of chemical mixtures in the environment is challenging largely because of high variation: diverse sources and constituents; routes of environmental exposure; taxa-specific sensitivities. This complexity and uncertainty leads to concerns that current prospective risk assessment (RA) methods are insufficient for appropriate environmental protection. Likewise, there is scope ...

The objective of this work is to present a critical review of the application of the tissue residue approach (TRA) in ecological risk and/or impact assessment (ERA) of chemical stressors and environmental criteria development. A secondary goal is to develop a framework for integrating the TRA into ecological assessments along with traditional, exposure concentration-based assessment approaches....

Introduction: Online formative assessments (OFA’s) have beenincreasingly recognised in medical education as resources thatpromote self-directed learning. Formative assessments are usedto support the self-directed learning of students. Online formativeassessments have been identified to be less time consuming withautomated feedback. This pilot study aimed to determine whetherparticipation and pe...

introduction one of the central questions in radiological protection is the magnitude of the risks from low doses of radiation, related to the justification and optimization of the diagnostic medical exposures. therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the cancer incidence and mortality risks in children of different ages, sizes, and ethnicities undergoing computed tomography examination...

Alternative assessments have evolved from an epistemological change in education. They see assessment and instruction as two sides on the same coin which go hand in hand. The traditional roles of both teachers and learners are, consequently, modified which is essential for better language development. In this line, the present study aimed at comparing the effects of portfolio and journal writin...

Mixtures of contaminants are observed in public-supply drinking water. Frequent exceedances human-health advisories indicate potential cumulative risk to vulnerable subpopulations and the continued need for broad chemical assessments tapwater.