Although chemical agents were not employed as offensive weapons during the past war, nevertheless it was imperative to pursue vigorously investigations on the treatment of chemical warfare casualties. Inasmuch as a number of chemical warfare agents contain arsenic, attention was focused on the synthesis of compounds capable of antagonizing the local and systemic effects of arsenical vesicants. ...

This article reviews a detailed and timely evolution of Nuclear Biological Chemical (NBC) protective clothing. The increased threat NBC weapons underlines the need for clothing first responders, service personnel as well civilians. material selection criteria have been changed considerably with development advance technical fibers to sustain CWA fulfill precisely suits. Because advancement, in ...

Sulfur mustard (HD) has been used as a chemical warfare agent since 1917. Currently fielded M258A1 and M280 decontamination kits and prospective oxidative decontaminants convert HD to HD sulfoxide (HDSO). Although, the latter is not considered a vesicant, it is highly recalcitrant and its systemic toxicity, reportedly, is comparable to the agent. We found that live cells of a known hexachlorocy...

The growing and immediate threat of biological and chemical weapons has placed urgency on the development of chemical and biological warfare agent (CWA/BWA) screening devices. Specifically, the ability to detect CWA/BWA prior to deployment is paramount to mitigating the threat without exposing individuals to its effects. SPARTA, Inc. and NIST are currently investigating the feasibility of using...

Abstract: While the technology of warfare is constantly changing, particularly in the areas of weapons, equipment, mobility, and communications, the fundamental structure of military organizations has remained stable since Roman times. In this paper we present an ontology of the basic categories and relationships needed to represent modern military organizations (i.e. government-sponsored nonpa...

at the present study, different properties of sarin with the formula [(ch3)2cho]ch3pof was studiedin gas phase. geometrical optimizations of sarin, single point calculation, nmr and electricalparameters were carried out in gas phase with the hartee -fock method coupled to 6-31g* basis setsfor all atoms. the results obtained from a comparison between tables and charts came up fordiscussion and a...

A rapid and simple organic extraction method for the determination of the chemical warfare agent, isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (sarin, GB) in human plasma has been developed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). In the course of method development, several organic solvents have been screened and chloroform show a low background and increase signal to noise ratio o...

Burn injury is a ubiquitous threat in the military environment, and war burns have been described for more than 5,000 years of written history. Fire was probably utilized as a weapon long before that. With the ever-increasing destructive power and efficiency of modern weapons, casualties, both fatal and non-fatal, are reaching new highs, particularly among civilians who are becoming the major w...