The People’s Republic of China has ratified four of the eight core ILO labour Conventions. In view of severe restrictions on trade union rights and the prevalence of child labour and forced labour as well as discrimination, determined measures are needed to comply with the commitments WTO members accepted at Singapore, Geneva and Doha in the WTO Ministerial Declarations over 1996-2001, and in t...

BACKGROUND The adverse effects of child labour on the children's psychological development continue to raise concerns about this public health problem worldwide. Several views have been presented by child health authorities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies. Few studies have focused on the children themselves. This study sought to determine working children's per...

This paper studies the e ect of child care subsidies on maternal labour supply. In the Finnish child care system, parents taking care of their children at home receive a relatively generous home care allowance. I use variation arising from changes in municipality speci c supplement to this allowance to identify the causal e ect of subsidies on the labour force participation of mothers. A munici...

Mrs A., aged 27 years, states that she has always enjoyed good health, but according to her mother's account she suffered from "fits "for two years, between 15 and 17 years of age, but after scarlet fever at 17, had never any return of them. She came under my care in April 1879, when she was delivered of her first child. Her labour though protracted was natural, recovery rapid. She nursed her c...

Using the Spanish Household Survey Data, we explore the determinants of the timing of the first child in Spain. Our aim is to determine the impact of income, wages and labour market situation in the decision of entry to motherhood. We estimate a discrete-time duration model, controlling for sample selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity. Our results show that employed women delay their firs...

The silk industry of nineteenth-century Britain failed to conform to the pattern of child employment in other branches of textiles, for child labour remained unregulated in the dynamic years of the industrial revolution, allowing the continued employment of comparatively large numbers of children. Two main arguments were persistently advanced by silk manufacturers for special treatment. First, ...

We analyse why child poverty rates were much higher in Britain than in Western Germany during the 1990s, using a framework that focuses on poverty transition rates. Child poverty exit rates were significantly lower, and poverty entry rates significantly higher, in Britain. We decompose these cross-national differences into differences in the prevalence of ‘trigger events’ (changes from one year...