background: salt content and ph degree are the quality indicators of bread which their unauthorized levels may have harmful effects on body health. accordingly, this survey was carried out to evaluate ph and salt contents in bread samples produced in mashhad, iran. methods: totally 708 bread samples (340 loaves of lavash, 183 loaves of taftun, 139 loaves of barbari and 46 loaves of sangak bread...

In this work, leftover foundry sand and vermiculite were used as partial replacements for fine coarse aggregates in hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC). The study also concentrated on HFRC mix percentage optimization to achieve desired attributes. By creating multiple mixtures with varied ratios of vermiculite. mechanical characteristics the assessed. Tests HFRC’s permeability, water absorp...

Concrete cylinder piles produced by a centrifugally cast, vibrated, roller-compacted process have shown promising corrosion resistance in marine environments. Three bridges in the Florida panhandle with ~40 years in aggressive marine service and one newly constructed marine bridge utilizing concrete cylinder piles were examined. Examination of the older marine bridges showed minimal corrosion d...

Abstract Attempts to modify cement-based mixtures and improve their properties have always attracted the attention of researchers. Favorable effects nanoparticles, such as small particle size, high reactivity, great surface area, made them be used one best replacements cement. This paper aims review previous researches conducted regarding nanoparticles on concretes. Influence various types work...

A research program was carried out to evaluate the chloride ion permeability of both air and non-air entrained concretes made with mineral admixtures as partial replacements of cement. Two series of investigations (Series 1 and Series 2) were carried out. The mixtures were proportioned to have 28-day strengths of 35 MPa for Series 1 and 69 MPa for Series 2. Chloride ion permeability was determi...