This Standard Reference Material (SRM) is a frozen fish tissue homogenate that was prepared from fish collected from Lake Michigan, and is intended primarily for use in evaluating analytical methods for the determination of selected trace elements, methylmercury, total mercury, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, chlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, perf...

In 1967 the Human Monitoring Survey (1) was established by the Pesticides Program of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (now, Division of Pesticide Community Studies, E.P.A.) to determine on a national scale the levels and trends of certain more commonlyused pesticide chemicals in the general population. Initially, this program was limited to the identification and measurement...

A multi-residue method to determine fi ve groups of 85 pesticides chlorinated, carbamate, phosphorous, pyrethroid and others in vegetables, fruits and green tea has been developed using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled to thermal desorption and retention time locked (RTL) GC-MS. Pre-extraction with methanol and dilution with water prior to SBSE (60 min) were performed. Dilution of me...

Many organic pollutants such as pesticides are chlorinated organics, and until recently these were thought to be purely the product of anthropogenic activities. However, some chlorinated phenolics are now known to be part of the natural chemical make up of “pristine” soils, defined as those that have not previously been directly exposed to anthropogenic inputs, except through atmospheric contam...

Use of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides for more than 30 years and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) for more than 40 years has resulted in the accumulation of these compounds in various ecosystems. Their accumulation in different ecosystems both near and well removed from their source of application is enhanced principally by their persistence and subsequent magnification between trophic level...

Many vespertilionid bats roost in proximity to roo®ng timbers and are therefore potentially exposed to organochlorines used as wood preservatives. Organochlorines elevate metabolic rate (MR) in some vertebrate species and any such e€ect in bats may threaten survival. The aim of this study was to determine whether sublethal exposure to lindane a€ected the body mass, food intake and MR of pipistr...

In many epidemiological studies based on the direct measurement of exposure to organochlorines, the chemicals of concern are determined directly from adipose tissue samples. Although the measurement of all possible organochlorines, their metabolites, isomers and congeners may be desirable, it is expensive and time-consuming and many chemicals with hormonal activity may not yet have been identif...

Three patients with aplastic anaemia had a history of substantial previous exposure to organochlorine pesticides. The temporal association between chemical exposure and the onset of first symptoms of anaemia was strongly supportive. Organochlorines have the property of lipid affinity and accumulation in adipose tissue. Objective evidence of clinically important concentrations of tissue pesticid...

Blood-feeding insects have evolved resistance to various insecticides (organochlorines, pyrethroids, carbamates, etc.) through gene mutations and increased metabolism. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are hematophagous ectoparasites that are poised to become one of the major pests in households throughout the United States. Currently, C. lectularius has attained a high global impact status due to i...

PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to monitor the exposure and health of workers in Great Britain who use pesticides as a part of their job, and to gain a better understanding of the relationship between long-term exposure to pesticides and health. PARTICIPANTS Study participants are professional pesticide users who are certified in the safe use of pesticides or who were born before 1965 and...