To examine the appearance of root canal walls after retreatment, 80 extracted teeth were chemomechanically prepared using a stepback flare technique and obturated with gutta-percha and either Roth's 801 or AH26 sealers. Four techniques were used to remove gutta-percha and sealer: method 1--heat and files; method 2--heat, files, and CaviEndo; method 3--chloroform and files; and method 4--chlorof...

A new technique for direct-writing of polymer nanostructures on insulating and semiconducting surfaces based on Electrochemical Dip-Pen Nanolithography (E-DPN) is described. The technique is based on electrochemical polymerization of monomers directly underneath the AFM tip. Sub-50 nm poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene lines can be easily created. Such capability to direct-write and pattern polyme...

Measurement of cerebral tissue saturation during obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may provide additional information to conventional peripheral oxygen saturation. Thirteen subjects with OSA (mean apnoea/hypopnoea index 65.7+/-27.9) were monitored using full polysomnography and monitoring of near-infrared cerebral tissue oxygenation index (TOI). One-thousand and thirty-six apnoeas and hypopnoeas w...

Electrospinning is an effective technique to prepare non-woven fibrous formulations with interesting properties that enable the encapsulation of various pharmaceutical agents. Targeted delivery of drugs, while preventing any side effects or toxicity, still remains a challenge, especially in the cardiovascular field and therefore, nano/ submicron fibers created by electrospinning have been inves...

During the past 15 yr, digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) has been used to measure metacarpal bone mineral density (BMD). BMD is often measured in existing cohorts where X-ray images were not acquired in accordance with the DXR imaging protocol (DIP). The purpose of the present study was to analyze how deviations from DIP in historical radiographs may affect the reproducibility of DXR-BMD measu...

Sir,?I have recently returned to a well-known firm of druggists in Rangoon a consignment of chloroform which was labelled chloloform pure B. P. (made from pure alcohol dbc." It appeared to take an excessive amount to ansesthetise : patients became very cyanotic with irregular breathing: the pulse was often weak : and many had much vomiting, and felt very ill for two days. A sample was sent to t...

Extraction of DNA from old skeletal material is of great importance in the identification of human remains, but is particularly difficult because the methods currently employed, especially those using phenol/chloroform, are not always satisfactory. A simple technique based on the removal of non-nucleic acid material by salting out (precipitation) with saturated sodium acetate is described; the ...

Based on our previous study, cereal crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) could be infected by rhizobia Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571, and form para-nodules with the induction of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a common plant growth regulator. To enhance this infection and the potential agricultural application, we compared six different infection methods (Direct seed dip; Seed germination dip; P...

As a limiting nutrient in aquatic systems, phosphorus (P) plays an important role in controlling freshwater and coastal primary productivity and ecosystem dynamics, increasing frequency and severity of harmful and nuisance algae blooms and hypoxia, as well as contributing to loss of biodiversity. Although dissolved inorganic P (DIP) often constitutes a relatively small fraction of the total P p...