Chemical and histological studies are often unable to differentiate chronic extrahepatic obstructive jaundice (due to calculi, neoplasia, or stricture) from chronic intrahepatic obstructive jaundice (caused by primary biliary cirrhosis or by drugs, notably anabolic steroids and phenothiazine derivatives). Oral and intravenous cholangiography are also ineffective when the serum bilirubin is grea...

The results of peroperative Cholangiography (P C) were evaluated at six centres in Karachi. In four centres P.C. was done routinely. Pooled results showed that 14.8 percent of 222 cases bad such exploration and 12.1% yielded stones. I.n two other centres P.C was employed selectively for cases with a ‘relative’ clinical indication for duct exploration, pooled results showed that 16.6% of 253 cas...

The roles played by peritoneoscopic examination, direct cholangiography and cytological examination of aspirated bile at the time of direct cholangiography were studied in 140 patients with various biliary and pancreatic diseases. Both peritoneoscopic and cholangiographic examinations were important in detecting the lesion, and cytological examination was effective in deciding the nature of the...

CONFLICT OF INTEREST NONE DECLARED Choledochal cyst is a congenital cystic dilation of a part of bile duct that occurs most commonly in the main part of common bile duct. Diagnosis of choledochal cyst is concluded upon disproportionate expansion of extrahepatic bile duct. Symptom trias are: abdominal pain, jaundice and abdominal mass represent clinical guideline signs of diagnosis. Furthermore,...

A case of the rare congenital anomaly ectopic gallbladder is presented. A 16-year-old girl suffered attacks of epigastric pain unrelated to eating. On abdominal ultrasonography, the gallbladder could not be found in its usual position. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography demonstrated the gallbladder on the left side of the common duct and the cystic duct arising from the right hepatic duct. L...

THE membership of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) Standards of Practice Committee represents experts in a broad spectrum of interventional procedures from both the private and academic sectors of medicine. Generally Standards of Practice Committee members dedicate the vast majority of their professional time to performing interventional procedures; as such they represent a valid b...

Abstract Background The complete removal of a difficult gallbladder has regularly been an encumbrance for the work surgeons. A common approach to circumvent hazardous dissection and biliary injury performing subtotal cholecystectomy (SC). Reduced exposure trainees open total cholecystectomy, inflamed, fibrotic hepatocystic triangle might contribute growing tendency perform as bail out procedure...