Previous studies have shown that a special proteolipid extract from the electric organ of Electrophorus showed high affinity binding for acetylcholine and other cholinergic agents. This proteolipid has now been incorporated into ultrathin lipidic membranes, and the membrane resistance was studied. The resistance decreased from 7.27 +/- 0.82 x 10(5) ohm cm(2) in the control membrane to 1.83 x 10...

Acetylcholinesterase has important role in synaptic cleft. It breaks down the acetylcholineat cholinergic synapsesand terminates the cholinergic effects. Some chemical agents like organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) including nerve agents and pesticides react with acetylcholinesteraseirreversibly. They inhibit normal biological enzyme action and result in accumulation of acetylcholineand show tox...

There is evidence that the sympathetic nervous system exerts a control on human thyroid function via an adrenergic innervation of follicle cells. The present study demonstrates that cholinergic nerve fibers also reach follicle cells in the normal human thyroid. In addition, cholinergic agents were found to enhance cGMP accumulation in human thyroid tissue. This effect was blocked by atropine, a...

Monoaminergic dysregulation is implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and methylphenidate and amphetamines are the most frequently prescribed pharmacological agents for treating ADHD. However, it has recently been proposed that the core symptoms of the disorder might be due to an imbalance between monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. In this study, we used fibroblast c...

The i.p. injection of nicotine produced several changes in regional catecholamine concentrations in rat brain. These changes were blocked by the centrally active nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine, but not by the quaternary nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium. An examination of the effects of various cholinergic agents on hypothalamic epinephrine concentrations revealed several interesting findin...

Cholinergic urticaria is a relatively common condition defined by itching, redness and whealing induced exercise passive warming. In turn, acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis rare disorder of unknown pathogenesis, characterized an impairment in total body sweating despite exposure to heat or exercise. We report two cases this extremely association cholinergic hypohidrosis, briefly review...

BACKGROUND Deficient cholinergic function contributes to the cognitive and behavioral signs and symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD). A successful treatment approach in AD has been the enhancement of cholinergic function by cholinesterase inhibitors. REVIEW SUMMARY Galantamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor and allosteric modulating ligand at nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Galantamine 24 mg/d ...

Activated monoamine oxidase (MAO) has a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the formation of amyloid plaques from amyloid β peptide (Aβ) production and accumulation, formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive impairment via the destruction of cholinergic neurons and disorder of the cholinergic system. Several studies have indicated that MAO inhibito...

Age-dependent accumulation of lead in brain has been implicated in the pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this work was to investigate whether cholinotoxic effects of lead may result from alterations in acetyl-CoA metabolism. One day exposure of differentiated SN56 cholinergic neuroblastoma cells to 0.5 micromol/L lead or 0.01 mmol/L amyloid-beta1-42, increased fraction of nonvi...

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