to locate the genes controlling adaptability in bread wheat using ammi (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) model, twenty-one substitution lines derived from the parents chinese spring (recipient) and chayan (donor) were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different environments in the agricultural college of razi university, kermanshah, ...

A new fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique called Fast-FISH in combination with semi-automated image analysis was applied to detect numerical aberrations of chromosomes 8 and 12 in interphase nuclei of peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Commercially available alpha-satellit...

the karyotype of pike from anzali lagoon in the south caspian sea basin have been investigated by examining metaphase chromosomes spreads obtained from gill epithelial and kidney cells. the chromosomes spreads were stained with 7% giemsa solution for 15 min and examined under a light microscope. appropriate metaphase plates were photographed in order to prepare karyotype. all specimens had a di...

A key decision in the life of an organism is whether to be male or female. In Drosophila, each cell makes this choice independently of its neighbors such that diploid cells with one X chromosome (XY) are male and those with two chromosomes (XX) are female. In classic experiments carried out more than 80 years ago, Calvin Bridges made two important conclusions about how sex is determined in flie...

Chromosomal sex determination is a widely distributed strategy in nature. In the most classic scenario, one sex is characterized by a homologue pair of sex chromosomes, while the other includes two morphologically and functionally distinct gonosomes. In mammalian diploid cells, the female is characterized by the presence of two identical X chromosomes, while the male features an XY pair, with t...

The time-course of chromosomal aberrations in three radiation victims of the 1994 Estonian accident was followed for a period of seven post accident years encompassing 15 samples. Chromosome painting was performed and chromosomal aberrations involving the painted chromosomes were scored using a developed version of the PAINT nomenclature. Metaphases containing aberrations were captured with an ...

Supernumerary mini-chromosomes–a unique type of genomic structural variation–have been implicated in the emergence virulence traits plant pathogenic fungi. However, mechanisms that facilitate and maintenance mini-chromosomes across fungi remain poorly understood. In blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Syn. Pyricularia ), have first described early 1990s but, until very recently, overlooked studies...