introduction: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) secondary to sulfur mustard exposure, known as mustard lung, is an important late pulmonary complication. the bode (body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise) index has been established as a valuable tool for determining the adverse consequences of copd. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the bode index in patie...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible airflow limitation in the lungs. COPD frequently coexist with Heart Failure (HF) but most patients go undiagnosed because of similarity symptoms. Data on prevalence HF are discrepant and scarce.

Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an important research tool for assessing airway inflammation in a variety of inflammatory lung diseases. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), BAL recovery is often low, making analysis of the recovered fluid difficult to interpret. The present authors hypothesised that the degree of emphysema may predict BAL recovery. A total of 20 C...

Antibiotic therapy in patients currently treated with corticosteroids is common in chronic respiratory diseases when exacerbation symptoms attributable to infection appear. Among them, obstructive diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are major health issues affecting hundreds of million people worldwide that are frequently treated with inhaled corticosteroids...

Dyspnea in patients with known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be a clinical challenge due to the nonspecific nature of atypical presentations. Typical features of fever, productive cough, and wheezing on presentation support COPD exacerbation, while absence of such findings may warrant further evaluation for underlying etiologies, including pulmonary embolism (PE). It is suspe...

  Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) secondary to sulfur mustard exposure, known as mustard lung, is an important late pulmonary complication. The BODE (Body mass index, Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise) index has been established as a valuable tool for determining the adverse consequences of COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the BODE index in pat...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease, and its treatment still controversial. Statins have been proven to anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effects, but their effectiveness in the of COPD unclear. We conducted this meta-analysis more accurately evaluate therapeutic effect statins on patients.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly prevalent chronic diseases in the general population. Both are characterized by heterogeneous chronic airway inflammation and airway obstruction. In both conditions, chronic inflammation affects the whole respiratory tract, from central to peripheral airways, with different inflammatory cells recruited, different mediators produ...

Smoking is a risk factor for disease that contributes the most to lung and respiratory diseases. Lung related with cigarette smoke can be classified as COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) several types of interstitial such pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis, bronchiolitis, desquamative pneumonitis fibrosing disease. This literature review aims shed light not only causes inflammati...

Chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) does not mean chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but it is one of its defining characteristics [1]. According to the global strategy for diagnosis, management and prevention of obstructive lung diseases, COPD is usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. The report highlights that airflow obstruction in COPD is the result of...