Pathogens have evolved a range of mechanisms to counteract host defenses, notably to survive harsh acidic conditions in phagosomes. In the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it has been shown that regulation of phagosome acidification could be achieved by interfering with the retention of the V-ATPase complexes at the vacuole. Here, we present evidence that M. tuberculosis resorts to yet anoth...

BACKGROUND In cholangiocarcinoma (CC), HER-2/neu protein overexpression has rarely been reported and the results are conflicting. The present study aimed to clarify the rates of HER-2/neu protein overexpression and gene amplification in human extrahepatic CC and to evaluate the correlation between HER-2/neu and several clinicopathologic features. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated HER-2 gen...

A new chemiluminescent in situ hybridization (CISH) method provides simultaneous detection, identification, and enumeration of culturable Escherichia coli cells in 100 ml of municipal water within one working day. Following filtration and 5 h of growth on tryptic soy agar at 35 degrees C, individual microcolonies of E. coli were detected directly on a 47-mm-diameter membrane filter using soybea...

Her-2/neu is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family that has been found to be overexpressed or amplified in approximately 20-30% of breast cancers. Negative prognosticators and a shortened survival have been shown to be associated with these changes in Her-2/neu, but previous studies have consisted of predominantly Caucasian populations. Additionally, chromogenic in situ hybrid...

Background: Schneiderian papillomas are uncommon benign tumors of the sinonasal area. They tend to present local aggressiveness and recurrence, and some undergo malignant progression. This study aimed to search of humanpapillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) in order to elucidate possible role in its pathogenesis. Methods: Forty-eight IPs were subj...

The intracellular suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members, including CISH and SOCS1 to 7 in mammals, are important regulators of cytokine signaling pathways. So far, the orthologues of all the eight mammalian SOCS members have been identified in fish, with several of them having multiple copies. Whilst fish CISH, SOCS3, and SOCS5 paralogues are possibly the result of the fish-sp...

The human epidermal growth factor receptor gene ERBB2 (HER2) is located on chromosome 17 and amplified in approximately 20% of invasive breast carcinomas. 1,2 Due to the availability of effective anti-HER2 therapies, the prognostic significance of HER2 gene amplification, and the predictive value of HER2 status with regard to response to chemotherapy, laboratory testing for protein overexpressi...

introduction: nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is a common cancer in the north-east region of india. though the role of environmental contributors of npc in the north-eastern part of india is firmly established, ebv as an etiological agent in the region remains unexplored. material and methods: fifty-one patients, who presented at the department of ent, neigrihms and were confirmed as npc upon hi...

The 70-gene expression profile MammaPrint is a powerful prognostic indicator for disease outcome in breast cancer patients with improved prediction of recurrence risk compared to currently used guidelines. The microarray-based test TargetPrint further provides reliable, quantitative assessment of mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal gr...