BACKGROUND To date, no standardized minimally invasive approach for the treatment of excessive gingival display exists. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to assess the evidence in the literature regarding the role of botulinum toxin injection in the management of gummy smile. METHODS All publications through December 2014 and pertaining to the subject were electronically searched in Pu...

Nefang is a polyherbal product composed of Mangifera indica (bark and leaf), Psidium guajava, Carica papaya, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus sinensis, and Ocimum gratissimum (leaves), used for the treatment of malaria. Compounds with antioxidant activity are believed to modulate plasmodial infection. Antioxidant activity of the constituent aqueous plants extracts, in vitro, was evaluated using the ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the influence of posterior gummy smile on the perception of smile esthetics by orthodontists, general-dentists and laypersons. STUDY DESIGN A frontal photograph of a smile with normal gum exposure was chosen and manipulated digitally using Adobe Photoshop C3 to generate three further images with posterior gum exposure of 4, 6 and 8mm. These four images were ...

Citrus grandis belongs to the Rutaceae family and is a naturally occurring citrus plant. The fractionated crude extracts of C. have been studied for investigation its phytochemicals allowed evaluation biological activities, especially antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant activities. At first, we assessed antibacterial antifungal properties using disc diffusion method conducted cytotoxicity scr...

Excessive gingival display space and gingival hyperpigmentation are major concerns for a large number of patients visiting the dentist. Melanin hyperpigmentation usually does not present a medical problem, but patients usually complain of dark gums as unaesthetic. This problem is aggravated in patients with a "gummy smile" or excessive gingival display while smiling. Esthetic periodontal plasti...

Indonesia is a country rich in biodiversity. Of several plants that can be used as alternative medicine to treat disease. The efficacy of health related having chemical compounds which are the result secondary metabolites contained these plants. One coumarin. Coumarins found almost all from roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit. purpose this study was isolate identify coumarin In process isol...

Parameters of dental beauty change across time for varying reasons. Thus, an understanding of the factors that help or harm the attractiveness of a smile is an important step in creating attractive smiles. This study aimed to identify factors that affect smile perception and attractiveness among the Saudi population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the Saudi population. Questionnair...