Chronic ankle instability after ligamentous injuries has been attributed to loss of proprioception, but there has been no previous study of the mechanoreceptors in human ligaments at this joint. We have examined the ligaments from five cadaver ankles for mechanoreceptors and classified them into the four types described by Wyke and Freeman in their study of feline ligaments. Type-II receptors, ...

Type 1A diabetes mellitus is caused by specific and progressive autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans whereas the other cell types in the islet (alpha, delta, and PP) are spared. The autoantigens of Type 1A diabetes may be divided into subgroups based on their tissue distributions: Beta-cell-specific antigens like insulin, insulin derivatives, and IGRP (Islet-spec...

background: intra-articular t- type or y- type fractures of the distal end of the humerus are relatively rare, and consequently few surgeons will be able to attain extensive experience with the surgical treatment of these injuries. the current emphasis is on operative intervention with rigid internal fixation and early mobilization. methods: in this prospective and retrospective study, we revie...

Musculoskeletal injuries have long been a problem in general purpose forces, yet anecdotal evidence provided by medical, human performance, and training leadership suggests musculoskeletal injuries are also a readiness impediment to Special Operations Forces (SOF). The purpose of this study was to describe the injury epidemiology of SOF utilizing self-reported injury histories. Data were collec...

purpose taekwondo, as the most popular martial art among iranian sportsmen, might lead to injury for the athletes of this sport during competitions. we decided to report the incidence rate of injuries sustained by the athletes of this sport during national competitions. methods all competitions of iran national championship taekwondo league in 2006-2007 with 204 athletes were observed prospecti...

Introduction: Injuries are the causes of irreparable damages and costs in urban rural settings. Preventive procedures effective if correct related information is gathered provided. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate injury patterns factors a large teaching hospital. Methods: The current cross-sectional was conducted at Edalatian Emergency Center, Mashhad, Iran, 2016. All subjects were e...