one of the most visible aspects of a forest stand structure is the spatial patterns of trees. competition affects on forest structure and its understanding is important, when the purpose of forest management is to imitate the dynamic of natural ecosystems. for this purpose, an unmanaged intact forest was selected with 26 hectares area. all chestnut leaf oak (quercus castaneifolia) trees with a ...

Trees can improve air quality, but at the same time, pollution might put them at risk. Plane(Platanus orientalis L) and willow trees (Salix babylonicaL) are important trees in the green space of Tehran. Plane trees in Tehran have experienced early autumn in recent years due to severe air pollution. The present study, investigated some physiological traits of these trees under study to determine...

T h i s paper p r e s e n t s an o v e r v i e w o f a r e s e a r c h programme on machine l e a r n i n g w h i c h i s based on t h e f u n d a m e n t a l p r o c e s s o f c a t e g o r i z a t i o n . A s t r u c t u r e o f a compute r model d e s i g n e d to ach ieve c a t e g o r i z a t i o n i s o u t l i n e d and t h e knowledge r e p r e s e n t a t i o n a l f o rms and d e v e ...

*The views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia or the Federal Reserve System. he bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in 2008 will certainly be featured in history books as one of the greatest financial failures so far, but it will also be recorded as yet another episode of the historically successful performance...

We report on a nondestructive clearing technique that enhances transmission of light through specimens from diverse plant species, opening unique opportunities for microscope-enabled plant research. After clearing, plant organs and thick tissue sections are amenable to deep imaging. The clearing method is compatible with immunocytochemistry techniques and can be used in concert with common fluo...

we study the limiting distribution of the degree of a given node in a scaled attachment random recursive tree, a generalized random recursive tree, which is introduced by devroye et. al (2011). in a scaled attachment random recursive tree, every node $i$ is attached to the node labeled $lfloor ix_i floor$ where $x_0$, $ldots$ , $x_n$ is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables, with support in [0,...