Today’s microprocessors with millions of transistors perform high-complexity computing at multi-gigahertz clock frequencies. The ever-increasing chip size and speed call for new methodologies in clock distribution network. Conventional global synchronization techniques exhibit many drawbacks in the advanced VLSI chips such as high-speed microprocessors. A significant percentage of the total pow...

Power consumption of the clock tree dominates over 40% of the total power in modern high performance VLSI designs, measures must be taken to keep it under control. Hence, low power clocking schemes are promising approaches for low-power design. We propose four novel energy recovery clocked flip-flops that enable energy recovery from the clock network, resulting in significant energy savings. Th...

The capacity for internal rhythmic clocking involves a relationship between perceived auditory input and subsequent cognitive processing by which isochronous auditory stimuli induce a temporal beat expectancy in a listener. Although rhythm perception has previously been examined in cochlear implant (CI) users through various tasks based primarily on rhythm pattern identification, such tasks may...

In order to clear the body of infecting spirochetes, phagocytic cells must be able to get hold of them. In real-time phase-contrast videomicroscopy we were able to measure the speed of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the Lyme spirochete, moving back and forth across a platelet to which it was tethered. Its mean crossing speed was 1,636 microm/min (N = 28), maximum, 2800 microm/min (N = 3). This is t...

Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) logic is a digital circuit technology based on superconductors that has emerged as a possible alternative to advanced semiconductor technologies for large scale ultra-high speed, very low power digital applications. Timing of RSFQ circuits at frequencies of tens to hundreds of gigahertz is a challenging and still unresolved problem. Despite the many fundamental ...

by Minjun Yan Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging, promising, future generation computational architecture that encodes binary information into the positions of electrons. The switching and logic function of this transistorless architecture has already been realized in metal QCA and magnetic QCA. “Bottom-up” molecular implementation may not only circumvent the lithography limits,...

Clocking, Synchronous Systems, Asynchronous Systems, Clock Uncertainties, Clocked Storage Elements, Finite-State Machine, Clock Distribution.

The Internet is rapidly evolving as a new tool for conducting tourism research. Given known advantages, steps to examine the possible drawbacks need to be taken to verify Internet survey methods. This article focuses, in particular, on coverage error of self-selected e-samples. Based on the response to a question regarding willingness to provide contact information on the Internet, the responde...