As fossil fuels are the principal source for automobile and energy sectors, global warming a rapid decrease in their availability seen. Alternative that sustainable, renewable, eco-friendly widely investigated order to maintain an aesthetic environment combat fuel depletion. Biofuels have ability both reduce pollution provide energy. This study focuses on extraction of oil from freshwater micro...

Diatom biofilms are abundant in the marine environment. It is assumed (but untested) that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), produced by diatoms, enable cells to cope with fluctuating salinity. To determine the protective role of EPS, Cylindrotheca closterium was grown in xanthan gum at salinities of 35, 50, 70 and 90 ppt. A xanthan matrix significantly increased cell viability (determin...

The charophyte algae are the closest living relatives of land plants. Their life cycles are usually characterized as haploid with zygotic meiosis. This conclusion, however, is based on a small number of observations and on theoretical assumptions about what kinds of life cycle are possible. Little is known about the life cycles of most charophytes, but unusual phenomena have been reported in co...

Marine phytoplankton have developed the remarkable ability to tightly regulate the concentration of free calcium ions in the intracellular cytosol at a level of ∼ 0.1 μmol L in the presence of seawater Ca concentrations of 10 mmol L. The low cytosolic calcium ion concentration is of utmost importance for proper cell signalling function. While the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the tight ...