Nest size or nest-building activity has recently been hypothesized to be a postmating sexually selected signal in monogamous birds: females may assess a male’s parental quality and willingness to invest in reproduction by his participation in nest building. Females may thus adjust their reproductive effort (i.e. clutch size) not only to their own abilities but also to those of their mates. We i...

Electrostatic clutching offers lightweight, energy-efficient, and fast controllable force transmission for exoskeletons and walking robots. Clutching is achieved by charging two electrically-conductive clutch plates with micrometerscale thickness separated by a thin dielectric insulating layer. Because the clutch acts like a capacitor, power is only required while changing states, not to mainta...

When direct counts are not possible, relative population size indices, based on animal activity (e.g. number of tracks, burrows, feces, calls per unit area), are sometimes the only tools available to investigate population size variations over time. In sea turtles, the number of clutches laid on a nesting beach in a particular season is commonly used as a relative index of population density. T...

life-history models predict an evolutionary trade-off in the allocation of resources to current versus future reproduction. This corresponds, at the physiological level, to a trade-off in the allocation of resources to current reproduction or to the immune system, which will enhance survival and therefore future reproduction. For clutch size, life-history models predict a positive correlation b...

in this paper, a complete model of an electro hydraulic driven dry clutch along with its performance evaluation has elucidated. through precision modeling, a complete nonlinear physical and full order sketch of clutch has drawn. ultimate nonlinearities existent in the system prohibits it from being controlled by conventional linear control algorithms and to compensate the behavior of the system...

BACKGROUND The spatiotemporal regulation of adhesion to the extracellular matrix is important in metazoan cell migration and mechanosensation. Although adhesion assembly depends on intracellular and extracellular tension, the biophysical regulation of force transmission between the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix during this process remains largely unknown. RESULTS To elucidate th...

Pekerjaan assembly dan disassembly kompresor Air Conditioning (AC) tipe Swash Plate melibatkan pembongkaran perakitan bagian-bagian komponen AC. Kompresor merupakan penting dalam sistem AC yang berfungsi untuk sirkulasi refrigeran meningkatkan temperatur tekanan gas dari evaporator ke kondensor. Penelitian bertujuan memahami proses urutan AC, termasuk identifikasi pemahaman kompresor, pengatura...

Plasticity in life-history characteristics can influence many ecological and evolutionary phenomena, including how invading organisms cope with novel conditions in new locations or how environmental change affects organisms in native locations. Variation in reaction norm attributes is a critical element to understanding plasticity in life history, yet we know relatively little about the ways in...

Clutch size commonly decreases with increasing elevation among temperate-zone and subtropical songbird species. Tropical songbirds typically lay small clutches, thus the ability to evolve even smaller clutch sizes at higher elevations is unclear and untested. We conducted a comparative phylogenetic analysis using data gathered from the literature to test whether clutch size varied with elevatio...