Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, Acetyl-CoA Synthetase, Light Dependence o f Fatty Acid Synthesis in Chloroplasts In analogy to chloroplast fatty acid synthesis from acetate the key enzymes o f acetate fixation, acetyl-CoA synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, in rapidly Triton X-100 lysed spinach chloroplasts show an activation by light and deactivation in the dark. The stimulation o f acetyl-CoA carb...

The carbohydrate-dependent long-term regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase was studied in primary hepatocyte cultures from adult rats. (1) The enzyme activity was increased 2-fold either by elevation of the glucose concentration to 20mM or by enhancement of the insulin concentration to 0.1 microM. Simultaneous increases in glucose and insulin resulted in a 5-fold increase in the enzyme activity....

Circadian clocks are critical modulators of metabolism. However, mechanistic links between cell autonomous clocks and metabolic processes remain largely unknown. Here, we report that expression of the biotin transporter slc5a6 gene is decreased in hearts of two distinct genetic mouse models of cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock disruption [i.e., cardiomyocyte-specific CLOCK mutant (CCM) and...

The present study was initiated with an objective of identifying methylation pattern in the partial promoter Acetyl CoA carboxylase beta (ACACB) gene White Leghorn IWK line. To understand epigenetic regulation expression, birds highest and lowest expression at 18th week 40th age were chosen. Epigenetic profile minimal indicated that there seven CpG islands this region, positioned 75, 87, 155, 2...

Pahnitoyl-CoA (100 PM), in the presence of albumin (24 mg per ml), inhibited the incorporation of [14C]citrate into fatty acids in a cytosol fraction of chick liver and inhibited the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase purified from chick liver. Under similar incubation conditions, pahnitoyl-CoA (ZOO PM) did not inhibit fatty acid synthetase, ATP-citrate lyase, malic enzyme, NADP-linked isocitra...

The possibility of a regulatory role of long-chain acyl-CoAs was studied in a system synthesizing palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA in vitro. This system contained acetyl-CoA carboxylase (yeast), fatty acid synthetase (yeast) and lipid membranes as acceptors for the long-chain acyl-CoA compounds. In this system acetyl-CoA carboxylase is controlled by long-chain acyl-CoAs, whereas this is not true ...

Abstract The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana , uses ( E Z )-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate as its major sex pheromone component. Through in vivo labeling experiments we demonstrated that the doubly unsaturated component is produced by ?11 desaturation of tetradecanoic acid, followed chain shortening )-11-tetradecenoic acid to )-9-dodecenoic and subsequently introduction second double bond an...

Cellular toxicity mediated by lipids (lipotoxicity) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Genetic analyses now implicate lipotoxicity in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated nephropathy (T2DN), a pathway that had previously been unexplored. A genome-wide association study in Japanese patients identified a single nucleotide polym...

Liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-enzyme which catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA (acceptor) to form malonyl-CoA (carboxylated acceptor), decarboxylates malonyl-CoA by a biotin-dependent, as well as a biotin-independent mechanism. Neither ADP, Pi, nor divalent metal ion are required for either of these abortive decarboxylations. The biotin-dependent reaction is blocked...

Five classes of herbicides (carbamothioates, chloroacetamides, substituted pyridazinones, cyclohexanediones, and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acids) have been reported to inhibit lipid biosynthesis in higher plants. Carbamothioates impair the synthesis of surface lipids (waxes, cutin, suberin). These effects have been attributed to the ability of this herbicide class to inhibit one or more acyl-CoA ...