Concerns about rising health care costs and the often incremental nature of improvements in health outcomes continue to fuel intense debates about 'progress' and 'value' in cancer research. In times of tightening fiscal constraints, it is increasingly important for patients and their representatives to define what constitutes 'value' to them. It is clear that diverse stakeholders have different...

PURPOSE To validate a survey research measure of subjective income, as measured by perceived income adequacy, in an international context. DESIGN AND METHODS The study population comprised persons aged 50 years and older in 12 countries from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (n = 28,939). Perceived difficulty in making ends meet was regressed on sociodemographic variables,...

Levels and causes of mortality in mothers and babies are intrinsically linked, occurring at the same time and often to the same mother-baby dyad, although mortality rates are substantially higher in babies. Measuring levels, trends and causes of maternal, neonatal and foetal mortality are important for understanding priority areas for interventions and tracking the success of interventions at t...

 It has been recognized that patients with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) show significant bleeding tendency which can be secondary to coagulopathies in these patients. Some coagulation abnormalities are thrombocytopenia, factor deficiencies, fibrinolysis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation  (DIC). According to high prevalence of CCHD and major operations in theses patients, th...

UNLABELLED Until now, there is no systematic information on the role of endothelial dysfunction in the mechanisms of disorders of blood coagulation potential and microcirculation in different organs and tissues in preeclampsia. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to extend the existing principles of diagnosis of pre-eclampsia by establishing the role of endothelial dysfunction in the mechanisms of blood co...

it has been recognized that patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (cchd) show significant bleeding tendency which can be secondary to coagulopathies in these patients. some coagulation abnormalities are thrombocytopenia, factor deficiencies, fibrinolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation  (dic). according to high prevalence of cchd and major operations in theses patients, the...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects two different acute stress protocols, such as restraint and cold stress, on coagulation indicators in rats. conducted 18 male Wistar albino rats aged 8-10 weeks with a body weight 180-220 g. After one-week adaptation period, were randomly divided into three groups (n=6/group). animals control group not exposed any stress. Rats housed rest...

OBJECTIVE To position the concept of sustainability within the context of food security. DESIGN An overview of the interrelationships between food security and sustainability based on a non-systematic literature review and informed discussions based principally on a quasi-historical approach from meetings and reports. SETTING International and global food security and nutrition. RESULTS T...

OBJECTIVE To investigate inequalities in personal health conditions and in the utilization of healthcare services according in relation to the individual's status in the labor market. METHODS This study was based on 39,925 males aged 15 to 64 years living in 10 Brazilian metropolitan regions, who took part in the 1998 National Household Survey. They were classified as formal labor, informal l...