We map the lateral variations of P-wave velocity beneath Zagros collision zone in Iran down to 800 km depth by regional travel time tomography. invert 32,293 relative residuals from five temporary seismic networks across NW and central northern Iran, a large number permanent stations distributed over Iranian Plateau. A salient feature our model is ~225 thick lithosphere Zagros, almost twice as ...

Experimental data on fine and coarse aerosol deposition in the nasal airways of animals are essential in appropriately using toxicological studies to assess the potential risk to human health from exposure to airborne pollutants. However, such data are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine aerosol deposition efficiencies for the nasal airways in Long-Evans rats for particles with...

Lung deposition of >0.5-μm particles is strongly influenced by gravitational sedimentation, with deposition being reduced in microgravity (μG) compared with normal gravity (1G). Gravity not only affects total deposition, but may also alter regional deposition. Using gamma scintigraphy, we measured the distribution of regional deposition and retention of radiolabeled particles ((99m)Tc-labeled s...

[1] We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to interpret observations of tropospheric ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite instrument in summer 2005. Observations from TES reveal elevated ozone in the middle troposphere (500–400 hPa) across North Africa and the Middle East. Observed ozone abundances in the middle troposphere are at a maximum in summer and a mi...

Deposition fractions of inhaled particles predicted by different computational models vary with respect to physical and biological factors and mathematical modeling techniques. These models must be validated by comparison with available experimental data. Experimental data supplied by different deposition studies with surrogate airway models or lung casts were used in this study to evaluate the...

In a study of the Eomyidae from the Upper Freshwater Molasse of Bavaria, Fahlbusch (1975: 85) concluded that a small collection of molars from Eitensheim is monospecific, and suggested that it belongs to a new, unnamed species of Keramidomys. However, Prieto (2010: tab. 1) regards Falbusch’s evaluation of the fossil as questionable and in need of a revision; problems with the assignment of the ...

The Tazerj travertine deposits are located 25 km northwest of Haji Abad and 5 km northeast of Tazerj Village in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. This area is part of the Folded Zagros Zone. The studied travertine deposits are located on Eocene deposits and were most likely formed through the dissolution and re-deposition of groundwater and atmospheric waters onto the Asmari limestone. The pet...

Organic matter. Coarse woody debris (CWD) is thought to be important as cover for fish in the littoral zone of lakes. Development along the shoreline of lakes was negatively correlated with the density of CWD in lakes (Christensen et al. 1996). France et al. (1996) found that losses of leaf litter due to riparian clear cutting along lakes could result in substantial losses of dissolved organic ...

Aerosol drugs are usually delivered to the lung by inhalation via the oral route, since aerosol deposition is much lower in the oral than in nasal airways. In the present study a practical, non-CFD-based, mechanistic model is developed, which permits an efficient calculation of deposition along the oral route with simple computational means. A simplified geometrical description of the mouth and...