Tauhe present work shows the relation between kefir fermentation ability and carbohydrate uptake rate. This was examined in a model system containing kefir co-culture and lactose in order to study fermentation induced by yeasts and bacteria at the same time. Lactose uptake rate was recorded by using (14)C-labelled lactose. The effect of lactose, cell concentration and pH on lactose fermentation...

The synergistic and inhibitory interactions observed between Fibrobacter succinogenes A3c, Prevotella ruminicola H2b, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens B34b in the digestion of forage cellulose were studied in detail. Orchardgrass and alfalfa hays, both at two maturity stages, were used as substrates. Sequential inoculation procedures were developed whereby a second inoculation was made after the i...

Microbial productivity at hydrothermal vents is among the highest found anywhere in the deep ocean, but constraints on microbial growth and metabolism at vents are lacking. We used a combination of cultivation, molecular, and geochemical tools to verify pure culture H(2) threshold measurements for hyperthermophilic methanogenesis in low-temperature hydrothermal fluids from Axial Volcano and End...

Bleaching, the loss of algal symbionts, occurs in marine photosymbiotic organisms at water temperatures minimally exceeding average summer SST (sea surface temperatures). Pre-adaptation allows organisms to persist under warmer conditions, providing the tolerance can be carried to new habitats. Here we provide evidence for the existence of such adaptation in the benthic foraminifera Pararotalia ...

In this paper, we consider a direct protein transfer process between cells in co-culture. Assuming that cells continually encounter each other, and from some hypotheses on cell-to-cell rules of transfer, we derive discrete and continuous Boltzmann-like integro-differential equations. The novelty of this model is to take into account multiple transfer rules. This new transfer model is used to fi...

Target and activity-dependent mechanisms of axonal branching were studied in the thalamocortical (TC) projection using organotypic cocultures of the thalamus and cortex. TC axons were labeled with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) by a single-cell electroporation method and observed over time by confocal microscopy. Changes in the firing activity of cocultures grown on multielectrode d...

The magnitude by which plasma cortisol levels increase following exposure to a stressor is a heritable trait in rainbow trout. The relative growth in coculture of F1 lines selected for high responsiveness (HR) and low responsiveness (LR) to a confinement stressor suggested that behavioral characteristics related to food acquisition, aggression, or competitive ability might differ between the tw...