In the present investigation, various kinds of surface textures were attained on the steel plates. Roughness of the textures was varied using various grinding or polishing methods. The surface textures were characterized in terms of roughness parameters using an optical profilometer. Then experiments were conducted using an inclined pin-on-plate sliding apparatus to identify the role of surface...

A = area of the rough wall Aj = jth equal subarea of the rough region, A=NA B = empirical constant for the mean velocity profile on a rough wall; Eq. (29) CA = A-weighting factor CF = overall skin friction coefficient, 1 L R L 0 cf dx1 c = speed of sound in free field cf = local skin friction coefficient, w= 1 2 0U 2 cf0 = local skin friction coefficient at a distance xle from the leading edge ...

nowadays, problems and barriers to supply adequate water and also environmental issues have caused wastewater treatment (wwt) to be considered a high priority. in light of high costs of wwt, using natural capacities to reduce pollution could be potentially significant. in this study, the impact of varying temperature and channel roughness have been investigated on the wastewater quality paramet...

A sediment geoacoustic parameter estimation technique is described which compares bottom returns, measured by a calibrated monostatic sonar oriented within 15 degrees of vertical and having a 10 degree-21 degree beamwidth, with an echo envelope model based on high-frequency (10-100 kHz) incoherent backscatter theory and sediment properties such as: mean grain size, strength, and exponent of the...

It is well known that unsupervised classification of a single polarized SAR image is accomplished mainly by two steps i.e., (i) Clustering the SAR image into groups or clusters on the basis of backscattering coefficient and textures present in SAR image, and (ii) Labeling the various clusters in their respective class (For example, land cover types such as water, urban, agriculture or any other...

This paper presents a remote sensing technique for calibrating hydrodynamics models, which is particularly useful when access to the riverbed for a direct measure of flow variables may be precluded. The proposed technique uses terrestrial photography and automatic pattern recognition analysis together with digital mapping and does not require image ortho-rectification. Compared to others invasi...