BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in birth weight and in body mass index (BMI) later in childhood are in opposite directions, which raises questions about when during childhood the change in direction happens. We examined how maternal and paternal education and household income were associated with birthweight z-scores and with BMI z-scores at age 5 and 12 months and 7 years, and we examine...

BACKGROUND A standard parameter to compare the disease incidence of a cohort relative to the population is the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). For statistical inference is commonly assumed that the denominator, the expected number of cases, is fixed. If a disease registry is available, incident cases can sometimes be identified by linkage with the registry, however, registries may not conta...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between intervening illnesses and injuries leading to hospitalization and restricted activity, respectively, and prolongation of disability in four essential activities of daily living in newly disabled older persons. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Greater New Haven, Connecticut. PARTICIPANTS Community-living persons aged 70 and older who ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In previous observational studies, hemoglobin concentrations have been associated with an increased risk of stroke. However, these studies were limited by a relatively low number of stroke events, making it difficult to determine whether the association of hemoglobin and stroke differed by demographic or clinical factors. METHODS Using Cox proportional hazards analysis ...

BACKGROUND There is a growing number of cohorts and registries collecting phenotypic and genotypic data from groups of multiple sclerosis patients. Improved awareness and better coordination of these efforts is needed. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this report is to provide a global landscape of the major longitudinal MS patient data collection efforts and share recommendations for increasing thei...

AIMS To investigate the association between intelligence in childhood and later risk of alcohol-related disease and death by examining (1) the mediating effect of social position as an adult and (2) gender as a possible moderator. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 21 809 Swedish men and women, born in 1948 and 1953, from the Swedish "Evaluation Through Follow-up" database were f...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The social gradient in smoking is well known, with higher rates among those in less advantaged socioeconomic position. Some recent research has reported that personality characteristics partly explain this gradient. However, the majority of existing work is limited by cross-sectional designs unsuitable to determine whether differences in conscientiousness are a predictor or ...

BACKGROUND Impaired glucose regulation, measured with an oral glucose-tolerance test, has been associated with the risk of cancer. Here, we explored whether the response to an intravenous glucose-tolerance test (IVGTT) is associated with the risk of cancer. METHODS A cohort of 945 healthy men, aged 40-59years in 1972-75, was followed for 40years. An IVGTT was performed at baseline. Blood samp...

Associations between unemployment, work, and disability have been researched in many studies. The findings are often based on cross-sectional data and single outcomes. The present study analysed multiple outcomes over a period of 15 years among long-term unemployed individuals. Based on all individuals aged 20-40 living in Sweden in 1995, prospective cohort analyses were conducted. Individual a...